AP Bio Proteins PDF

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AP Bio Unit 1 Proteins...

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Principles of Biology Unit 1: Gene Expression Proteins Protein Structure -Like nucleic acids, proteins are made by bonding monomers together into chains. -Monomers for proteins are amino acids. -Amino acids have the same core structure, where only the R-group (side chain) varies. Twenty standard (and a few non-standard) amino acids are used to assemble proteins. -Proteins are produced by bonding different amino acids together in a sequence. -Proteins fold into complex shapes due to many interactions between amino acids. REVIEW: How many different proteins can be made by bonding five standard amino acids together? -(20x20x20x20x20) = 3,200,000 different proteins Protein Functions -A vast majority of enzymes are proteins. They act as catalysts which speed up chemical reactions that are needed to support life. -Transport (some proteins carry substances around in organisms/membranes). -Defense (antibodies are proteins). -Movement (motor proteins move particles in cells, cells themselves, or the whole organism). -Signaling/Communication (some hormones are proteins, which tell parts of the body what to do). -Structure (a large amount of an organism’s mass is protein). -Storage (amino acids)....