AP Hu Ge Rev Chapter 5 Languages PDF

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AP Human Geography Chapter 5: Languages Review

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Key Issue 1: Where are languages distributed? A. Language B. Literary tradition C. Official language D. Ethnologue E. Language family F. Language branch G. Language group H. Classification of languages I. Distribution of Language Families 1. Indo-European 2. Sino-Tibetan a. Logograms 3. Other Asian Languages a. Austronesian b. Austro-Asiatic c. Tai Kadai d. Japanese e. Korean 4. Languages of Southwest Asia & North Africa & Central Asia a. Afro-Asiatic b. Altaic c. Uralic 5. African Language Families a. Niger-Congo b. Nilo-Saharan c. Khoisan Key Issue 2: Why is English Related to Other Languages? A. Distribution of Indo-European Branches 1. Germanic Branch 2. Indo-Iranian Branch a. Indic (Eastern) Group b. Iranian (Western) Group 3. Balto-Slavic Branch a. East Slavic and Baltic Groups

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b. West and South Slavic Groups 4. Romance Branch B. Origin and Diffusion of Language Families 1. Origin and Diffusion of English a. German Invasion b. Norman Invasion c. Diffusion to North America 2. Origin and Diffusion of Romance Languages a. Vulgar Latin C. Origin and Diffusion of Indo-European 1. Nomadic Warrior Hypothesis 2. Sedentary Farmer Hypothesis Key Issue 3: Why Do Individual Languages Vary Among Places? A. Dialect B. Isogloss C. Dialects of English 1. Dialects in the US a. Settlement in the East - New England - Southeastern - Midlands b. Dialect Differences in the East c. Pronunciation Differences 2. Dialects in the United Kingdom a. Standard language b. Received Pronunciation (RP) 3. British and American English Dialects a. Vocabulary b. Spelling c. Pronunciation D. Distinguishing between Languages and Dialects 1. Romance Branch Dialects a. Spanish and Portuguese 2. Dialect of Language? a. Languages of Italy b. Catalán-Valencian-Balear c. Galician d. Moldovan e. Creole Languages - Creole or creolized languages

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Key Issue 4: Why Do People Preserve Local Languages? A. Language Diversity 1. Multilingual States a. Belgium b. Switzerland c. Nigeria 2. Isolated Languages a. Basque b. Icelandic c. Koro Aka 3. Extinct and Revived Languages a. Extinct languages b. Native Americans c. Gothic d. Reviving Hebrew 4. Preserving Endangered Languages: Celtic a. Welsh b. Irish c. Breton d. Scottish e. Cornish 5. Preserving Aboriginal and Maori in Australia and New Zealand a. Australia b. New Zealand 6. Occitan in France B. Global Dominance of English 1. English: Example of Lingua Franca a. Lingua franca b. Pidgin language 2. Expansion Diffusion of English a. African American English - Ebonics b. Appalachian English 3. Diffusion to Other Languages a. Franglais b. Spanglish c. Denglish 4. Spanish and French in the US and Canada a. Spanish-Speaking US b. French-Speaking Canada 5. English on the Internet...