APA Formats and When to Use Them PDF

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APA Formats and When to Use Them

 No author When citing a source with no author, use a shortened version of the title in place of the author. Use “Anonymous” only when the work states “Anonymous” in place of the author’s name. Title. (Year). Source https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_ guide/in_text_citations_author_authors.html https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_ guide/reference_list_author_authors.html https://apastyle.apa.org/learn/faqs/web-page-no-author

 No date When citing a source with no date, you will replace the date with “n.d.” which means “no date.” In reference format “n.d.” looks like this: Last name, First initial. (n.d.). Title. Retrieved from www.websiteurl.com. In an in-text citation, “n.d.” looks like this: (Last name, n.d.). https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/missing-information

 No date and no author When citing a source with no author, use a shortened version of the title in place of the author. If there is also no date included in the information, you can use this format: Title. (n.d.). Source. https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/missing-information

 No page numbers Resources found online often do not contain page numbers. Rather than referencing the page number for these resources, reference something else such as the paragraph number for in-text citations. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_ guide/in_text_citations_the_basics.html https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/quotations/no-page-numbers (Last name, Year, para. #)

 Electronic sources (websites) Depending upon the information provided on the website, there are different ways to cite a website. There may or may not be an author for a website, and there might not always be a date available. Collect as much information about the source as you can before you determine the correct format. It is important that you do not use a citation generator for websites like this as errors may occur. https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/webpagewebsite-references https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_ guide/reference_list_electronic_sources.html

 Where can I learn more about APA format? You can learn more about the proper formatting for APA citations by visiting the Learning Resource Center’s Academic Honesty module: https://my.uopeople.edu/course/view.php?id=3963§ion=4

Two external resources for learning APA format are the Purdue OWL and the APA website. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_ guide/general_format.html https://apastyle.apa.org/

 What are the basic APA citations required by UoPeople? • The basic format for an online reference is: Last name, First initial. (Year). Title. Retrieved from www.websiteurl.com • The basic format for a print reference is: Last name, First initial. (Year). Title. Location: Publisher. • The basic format for an in-text citation is: o (Last name, Year) if it is a paraphrase or (Last name, Year, p. #) if it is a quote. o If no page number is available, you will add the paragraph number (Last name, Year, para. #) *Note: You will include the page or paragraph number at the end of the quote, though you do not have to add a page or paragraph number at the end of a paraphrase.

 Citing a source with an editor When using a resource that has an editor, the editor(s) need to be acknowledged in the citation. There could be a resource that contains only the editor’s information, or there could be a resource that contains both the author(s) and editor(s). 

Citing a source with an editor/editors but no author: o Editor Last Name, Editor First Initial. (Ed.). (Year). Title. Publisher. DOI

o Editor Last Name, Editor First Initial. (Ed.). (Year). Title. Retrieved from www.websiteurl.com



Citing a source with an author/authors and an editor/editors: o Author Last Name, Author First Initial. (Year). Title. (Editor First Initial. Editor Last Name, Ed.). Publisher. DOI

o Author Last Name, Author First Initial. (Year). Title. (Editor First Initial. Editor Last Name, Ed.). Retrieved from www.websiteurl.com https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_ guide/reference_list_books.html

 Citing a source with a translator When citing a source with a translator, the translator should be acknowledged in the citation. 

Author Last Name, Author First Initial. (Year). Title. (Translator First Initial. Translator Last Name, Trans.). Publisher. (Original work published YEAR) DOI



Author Last Name, Author First Initial. (Year). Title. (Translator First Initial. Translator Last Name, Trans.). Publisher. (Original work published YEAR). Retrieved from www.websiteurl.com

https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_ guide/reference_list_books.html

 Citing an abstract When you reference an abstract, you will use the normal reference format, but you will include [Abstract] after the title. Here is an example for you to follow: Last name, First initial. (Year). Title. [Abstract]. Retrieved from: www.websiteurl.com https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_ guide/reference_list_electronic_sources.html

 Citing a source with multiple authors When citing a source with more than one author, use an ampersand (&) to separate the authors’ names. For more than 2 authors use “et al.” in the in-text citation and commas to separate the names in the reference, with the last name preceded with an ampersand (&). 

Last name, First initial, & Last name, First initial. (Year). Title. Retrieved from: www.websiteurl.com.



Last name, First initial, Last name, First initial, & Last name, First initial. (Year). Title. Retrieved from: www.websiteurl.com.



(Last name, et. al, Year, p.#) or (Last name, et al. Year)

https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_ guide/in_text_citations_author_authors.html https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_ guide/reference_list_author_authors.html

 How and when to use quotations Quotation marks are an important part of citation, and they cannot be forgotten or left out, because the exclusion of quotation marks is considered plagiarism. Quotation marks should be used in all direct quotations (a quotation that uses the exact words of the original source or author). Quotation marks come before the first letter of the quotation and after the last word of the quotation, but do not include the in-text citation. The in-text citation will follow the quote. You should not use quotation marks with a paraphrase. 

It was stated, “Insert quoted material” (Last name, year, p. #).

https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/punctuation/quotation_marks/index.html

 Signal Phrase (Narrative) Citation When you are using a signal phrase, or narrative, citation (when the author's name appears within the text) you will add the Year of Publication directly after you introduce the author of the text. Then, you will include the page or paragraph number at the end of the quote, though you do not have to add a page or paragraph number at the end of a paraphrase. Here is an example of a signal phrase citation: 

Smith (2010) reports that the use of cellular phones by young children has gone up by 20% since 2011. –Paraphrase (no page/paragraph number)



Smith (2010) reports “the use of cellular phones by young children has gone up by 20% since 2011” (p. 40). –Quote (with page/paragraph number)

https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/using_research/quoting_paraphrasing _and_summarizing/signal_and_lead_in_phrases.html

 How and when to use italics Italics are an important method for signaling the titles of books, reports, webpages newspapers, magazines, periodicals, and key terms or phrases. They are also used very rarely in quotations to add emphasis to words that might be missed or to aid meaning. When used to add emphasis to a direct quotation, the italicized words must

be followed by the phrase “emphasis added” placed in brackets. Here’s an example of a quotation that has been modified by using italics to signal special emphasis: As Doyle (2011) advises, “The widely accepted definition of learning is that it is a change in neuron-networks of the brain (Goldberg, 2009; Ratey, 2001). For this change to happen, students must be paying attention and actively engaging their brains to process new sensory input. There is no such thing as passive learning [emphasis added]” (Doyle, 2011, p. 7). https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/italics-quotations/italics#when-to-use

Original document created and compiled by: Emily Worrell...