Approaches to Policing PDF

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Approaches to Policing

Madeline Hesselgrave Humanities and Social Sciences, Grand Canyon University JUS-320: The Police Function Pernell Witherspoon January 10, 2020

2 Approaches to Policing Reactive Policing Reactive policing happens when officers respond to a call/complaint after the crime has been committed. Reactive policing is when officers, “respond to specific requests from individuals or groups in the community, which encompasses immediate response to calls and follow-up investigations” (Birzer & Roberson, 2015). The advantages of reactive policing are that there are requests from the public and community that police officers can show their care by responding to the calls. Another advantage of reactive policing is that it shows the communities trust in law enforcement and seeing officers respond to their calls can put the community at ease and make them feel safer. A disadvantage of reactive policing it that it is often the same people with the same calls making it hard for officers to do proactive work, this also means a lot of paperwork instead of field time. An example of this is domestic abuse calls, they are very common and there is not much the police can do after the event is over. Proactive Policing Proactive policing is officers acting on self-initiation to, “develop information about crime and strategies for its suppression” (Bizer & Roberson, 2015). This shows police presence in the community and the more proactive policing the more deterrence there is for criminal activity. An advantage to proactive policing is the establishment of relationships between law enforcement and the community. This can create more trust allowing the community to be able to share their concerns with officers, so they can stop crime before it happens. There is a major disadvantage to proactive policing and that is community involvement; without the help of the community attempts at proactive policing may fail. An example of proactive policing, officers patrol the same area in attempt to catch people running stops signs to ensure community safety.

3 Coactive Policing Coactive policing is similar to proactive policing because it requires community involvement, it also uses other community resources like the fire department and neighborhood watch programs. An advantage to coactive policing is that is effective in promoting public safety and enhancing quality of life in the community. One disadvantage of coactive policing is that many resources coming together means more opinions and a higher chance of disagreement. An example of coactive policing is someone running a food stand. Community members are getting sick from food. The health department is called, and they find out they are operating without a permit. The police are called to shut down the stand. Community Issue Arizona has one of the highest rates of human trafficking including children. Human trafficking has two subsections sex trafficking and labor trafficking. They both use force, fraud, and/or coercion to control their victims making them modern day slaves. The United States State Department has found that, “Arizona is a prime transit and destination area for both sex and labor trafficking in the United States” (Brnovich, 2019). Law enforcement has encountered girls as young as 9 being trafficked with the average age being 14, these young girls are prominent in the sex trafficking trade. There are many ways traffickers find their victims social media being a large piece nowadays, they often find their victims at shopping malls, bus stops, and school. In Phoenix alone around 78,000 men are looking at online sex ads and over 300 ads for adult services (Brnovich, 2019). There are many horrendous ways traffickers get their victims to corporate by making them feel vulnerable and weak, by using psychological manipulation, deception, violence, and sexual assault. Coactive Policing Approach

4 To combat human trafficking the community, police officers, and other public resources need to come together not only to stop trafficking but identify victims and protect those who are potentially vulnerable to being trafficked. Coactive policing would be very beneficial to stopping human trafficking. With officer initiation and the creation of a trusting relationship within the community, officers would be able to figure the ins and outs of the community and identify where human trafficking rinks are being placed. Sadly, there will never be a complete end to human trafficking but there are ways to reduce the number of people being trafficked. Many gas stations and light rail stations are dedicated Safe Places “in addition to many hospitals, police stations, libraries, fire stations, and banks” (Brnovich, 2019). Safe Places are indicated by a yellow sign that says, “Safe Place”. With the combined efforts of the community and police there is a good chance that human trafficking can be combated. Six-Point Response Plan A six-point response plan created by the police and Federal Bureau of Investigations is crucial to eradicating human trafficking. This plan would include cracking down on offenders related to trafficking, this could be by making more severe punishments for their actions rather than waiting for them to get involved again. It would also include providing more support and service to survivors to help them ger back on their feet and become a working member of society. Nearly 75 percent of local, county, and state law enforcement, “perceive human trafficking as rare or nonexistent in their local communities” (Understanding and Improving, 2009). By educating officers on human trafficking they can create more prevention strategies. Communication within communities needs to increase so both law enforcement and locals know the severity and concern of human trafficking. The final piece of the plan would involve creating funding to help prevent the issues and help survivors of human trafficking. It is very important

5 for law enforcement to create a plan especially when lives are at stake and when human trafficking can be avoided with proper precautions by law enforcement.

6 References Birzer, M., & Roberson, C. (2015). Police Field Operations: Theory Meets Practice. Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc. Retrieved from http://gcumedia.com/digitalresources/pearson/2014/police-field-operations_theory-meets-practice_ebook_2e.php Brnovich, M. (2019). Office of Arizona Attorney General: Human Trafficking. Retrieved from https://www.azag.gov/sites/default/files/publications/2019-05/Human-TraffickingParents-bro_v5.pdf Understanding and Improving Law Enforcement Responses to Human Trafficking. (2009). Northern University Institute of Race and Justice. Retrieved from www.northeastern.edu/humantrafficking/wpcontent/uploads/Understanding_and_Improving_ExecSumm.pdf...