ARCH 280 Lecture 4 - Professor Elihu Rubin, Spring 2020 PDF

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Professor Elihu Rubin, Spring 2020...

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1/22/20 Early Anglo-American Town Planning Building Study  Pithy one paragraph description introducing visitors to your building o Most important facts  Physical description and architectural attributes o Architectural terms (Palladian window, portico, etc.)  Urban setting (street, neighborhood, context of the street?) o Step back and give a sense of the setting  Social history discussing use of building over time  Site history o What was on that site before the building was there? o 19th century building torn down? Farm subdivided?  Look through New Haven Building Archive o Old Yale Foundry (419 Chapel St) o Teach readers to see building o Marzulo Pastry Building o “streetscape”, “Elm City”, “palimpsest”  Sanborn maps (fire insurance company) o Yale’s Digital Sanborn Collection Spanish Missions  Juniper Serra o missionary to the Indians and architect of Alta California system of missions o Mission Dolores, San Francisco (1776)  Church structure is surrounded by quarters and interior courtyard inside  Yerba Bueno (small Spanish pueblo distinct from mission) o Mission San Juan Capistrano (1776)  Missions go through a period of ruination o Symbolizing descent of Spanish empire and rise of the English o Americans rediscover missions as sites of heritage, fundamentally political o Anglo-California white elites reaching back into a past in California to justify the power structure they were beneficiaries of o Mission revival become associated with European dynasty and right to lead o Tourism centered around California missions  The Alamo o Mission San Antonio de Valero o Becomes famous in 1836 during Texas vs. Mexico struggles o Restored to glorify independent Texans, Daughters of the Republic of Texas  Spanish mission becomes an architectural style in the Sun Belt, or former Spanish areas

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o Santa Fe Railroad Station has dual church steeples, rustic red tile roof, arcades (1915) o Presidio, San Francisco (1910) Mission revivals in New Haven o Whitney Ave apartments that are not mistaken for tenements o Exotic style to attract middle class to live in apartments o Yellow stucco and courtyard o Mission revival plaza strip

French Colonial Urbanism  Quebec, all along Mississippi Basin  Establishment of Bastide towns solidify France’s dominion o New Orleans and St. Louis have grids o Fortified enclaves o Tight colonial outpost on contested land  Seigneurial system of colonization o Crown makes large land grants to seigneurs who brought tenants to settle and work land, feudal rights over tenants o Pattern of long lots, “arpents”, so everyone get river access Dutch Colonies  New Amsterdam (Manhattan) modeled after Amsterdam itself  Castello Plan (1660) o Difference between city and suburbs is medieval o Later, line between urban and suburban is blurred English Colonies  Early colonists were religious separatists, looking for religious freedom o Puritans breaking away from Protestant Revolution o Religion and commerce are important vectors  Linked to companies organized for trade o Massachusetts Bay Company  Massachusetts Bay Colony  Founded Boston on rocky outcroppings on the peninsula as a defensive position o Linear settlement around the main road of the town o Streets wind and curve relating to topography, “organic”  Street of the long wharf with T-structure, activity hovering around harbor  Many early New England settlements o Roads an offshoot off of some common space (Boston Common) o Common space used as a market or for grazing animals  Paul Revere House (1680) o Medieval style house with garrison hang o More floor space in upper story, more space on the street o Openings are small to retain heat, preciousness of glass

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o Overhang of medieval houses in Strasbourg o Gleason House in Farmington, CT (1680) o House as a unified enclave that protects the unit of the family o Heavy timbers, joint mortise and tenons connected by hand Capen House, Topsfield, MA (1683) o Hall (public) and parlor (private) o Zoning of space in the house Brooklyn, CT has the central green and roads to the farms leading away o Steeple was an enlarged house, central setting...