Architecture of the Industrial Revolution PDF

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Architecture of the Industrial Revolution -lecture...

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Architecture and New Industrial Technologies British built houses of glass- green house Light and heat energy pass through glass and traps heat  Used as much glass as possible  Structure is as slender and thin as possible The Crystal Palace: Joseph Paxton Built greenhouses for wealthy people -said his building would be able to be taken apart and sent around and built in new places -Crystal Palace was a new architectural form: not based off of classical architecture -could leave plants around building because of direct sunlight, only needed water  Public thought this building was fantastic and architects were in a rut since all of their ideas had been based off of the past -Form of curving barrel vault created an opaque surface -BUILDING IS CONSTRUCTED OF INCREDIBLY REPETITIOUS ELEMENTS!  Factories could continue to produce elements of the building all day and night (Mass Production)  Needed less skill to be able to build these types of building- instead workers got instruction about how to assemble pieces morning of- many people able to be put to work (less unemployed)- unskilled labor  People were largely unaware of architectural components  Possibilities of present technology Building sort of resembles a shopping mall Glass had no structural capacity- fragile material, applied to steel frame cage of the building Some people were critical of this type of architecture:  Fades in the face of the buildings contents Idea of the product of the world gathered in one place for everyone to see (novel) -contents inside the building outside the control of the architect Architecture disappears and dissolves into the production of contents inside the building (architects critical of this) The Elements of the New “Skyscraper”: Largely a construction of the U.S. Chicago generates a skyscraper based on 4 technological ideas: principle elements The Steel Frame The High Speed Elevator The Lightweight Cladding (exterior building)- the clothing on the skin of the building Mass Production- wouldn’t be able to produce a building that large if you had to craft all the elements, could cost a lot, would take a tremendous amount of time The Monadnock Building Burnham and Root (Daniel Burnham) Last of its kind! Last time architects would make a tall building with thick walls (bearing wall) at the base

-internal steel frame Thick wall presents challenges: might start to crumble and break apart due to heat, also hard to put windows in building like this, leading to a dark building -very thin building, not efficient -lots of problems with thick masonry wall, making this building one of the last of its kind -heavy old technologies for building construction Core of a building- to move people up and down (more important than the rooms on the outside)- leasable office plate surrounding it -repetition of floors within buildings -cast iron components built into structure (elements of building becoming lighter than older days with stone) Reliance Building- skyscraper Burnam and Root The Steel Frame The High Speed Elevator The Lightweight Cladding Mass Production (shows all elements of the skyscraper of 19th century) -every flood cladding the building in an identical way! (showing mass production) -glass windows terracotta (clay) tiles- applied to frame -interior was among the first to have no floor layout two building show a rapid change in architecture: Reliance Building from Monadnock Building  Technological shift in the architectural Architects wondered how to deal with the advantages and disadvantages of mass production… Components that make up the building are mass produced The Auditorium Building Not really a skyscraper because of its wide length and width -it is tall but so large that people do not consider it a skyscraper -needed a high speed elevator though Sullivan- architect who was the beginning of an American Architectural theory -different functions happening in the building -incorporates a piano rustic, nobile, and attico (made up of 4 or 5 floors each)- multiple floors combined together to form a single section -reinvention of classical language -however, architects began to reject classical language as they push architecture away from classical past making very large and big buildings -this building was the biggest in the world for a little bit -first multi-use building in the world -tallest building in Chicago and largest in the U.S. at the time -large theatre/auditorium where the courtyard would have been

ornamentation of the theatre- comes from technique of mass production Left question: what should the mold of the building be of? -Sullivan would form geometricized classical form -Sullivan would look at complex forms and simplify them to what a triangle and straight edge could create (forms based on natural elements that have passed through filter of geometric drawing) -Sullivan persuaded people paying for building that if they added a little more money, we could make it the tallest in the world -secretly had plans for the top floor room of building (his office) Frank Lloyd Wright- worked for Sullivan, left office and took with him most of the best clients, and Sullivan ended up poor on the street -Wright becomes inheritor of Sullivan’s theories...