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Argentina From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search This article is about the Argentine Republic. For other uses, see Argentina (disambiguation). Coordinates: 34°S 64°W

Argentine Republic[A] República Argentina (Spanish) Flag of Argentina Flag Coat of arms of Argentina Coat of arms Motto: "En unión y libertad" ("In Unity and Freedom") Anthem: Himno Nacional Argentino ("Argentine National Anthem") MENU0:00 Sol de Mayo[2] (Sun of May) Sol de Mayo Argentine territory in dark green; claimed but uncontrolled territory in light green. Argentine territory in dark green; claimed but uncontrolled territory in light green. Capital and largest city Buenos Aires 34°36′ S 58°23′W Official languages

Spanish[a]

Recognised regional languages Guaraní in Corrientes[3] Quechua in Santiago del Estero[4] Qom, Mocoví, and Wichí in Chaco[5] Welsh in Chubut[6] Ethnic groups 96.7% White or Mestizo[7][b] 2.4% Indigenous 0.5% Asian[8][9][10][11] 0.4% Black[12] Religion (2019)[13]

79.6% Christianity

—62.9% Roman Catholic —15.3% Protestant —1.4% Other Christian 18.9% No religion 1.2% Other religions 0.3% Undeclared Demonym(s) Argentine Argentinian Argentinean (uncommon) Government

Federal presidential constitutional republic

• President Alberto Fernández • Vice President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner • Chief of the Cabinet of Ministers Santiago Cafiero • President of the Chamber of Deputies

Sergio Massa • President of Supreme Court Carlos Rosenkrantz Legislature

National Congress

• Upper house Senate • Lower house Chamber of Deputies Independence from Spain • May Revolution 25 May 1810 • Declared 9 July 1816 • Constitution 1 May 1853 Area • Total 2,780,400 km2 (1,073,500 sq mi)[B] (8th) • Water (%) 1.57 Population • 2019 estimate 44,938,712 (31st) • 2010 census 40,117,096[14] • Density 14.4/km2 (37.3/sq mi)[14] (214th) GDP (PPP) • Total

2019 estimate

$1.033 trillion[15] (26th) • Per capita $22,997[15] (56th) GDP (nominal) 2019 estimate • Total $444.458 billion[15] (25th) • Per capita $9,890[15] (53rd) Gini (2020)

Negative increase 42.9[16][17]

medium HDI (2019)

Increase 0.845[18]

very high · 46th Currency

Argentine peso ($) (ARS)

Time zone

UTC−3 (ART)

Date format

dd.mm.yyyy (CE)

Driving side

right[c]

Calling code

+54

ISO 3166 code AR Internet TLD

.ar

Though not declared official de jure, the Spanish language is the only one used in the wording of laws, decrees, resolutions, official documents and public acts thus making it the de facto official language. A lot of White Argentines are descendants of many different European countries, however, the majority of them have at least partial or mixed Spanish or Italian ancestry. 10 June 1945, but trains are still driven on left. Argentina (Spanish: [aɾxen ˈtina]), officially the Argentine Republic[A] (Spanish: República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. It shares the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west, and is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. Argentina covers an area of 2,780,400 km2 (1,073,500 sq mi),[B] and is the largest Spanishspeaking nation in the world. It is the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourth-largest country in the Americas, and the eighth-largest country in the world. Argentina is

subdivided into twenty-three provinces, and one autonomous city, which is the federal capital of the nation, Buenos Aires. The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal system. Argentina claims sovereignty over a part of Antarctica, the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.

The earliest recorded human presence in modern-day Argentina dates back to the Paleolithic period.[19] The Inca Empire expanded to the northwest of the country in Pre-Columbian times. The country has its roots in Spanish colonization of the region during the 16th century.[20] Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata,[21] a Spanish overseas viceroyalty founded in 1776. The declaration and fight for independence (1810–1818) was followed by an extended civil war that lasted until 1861, culminating in the country's reorganization as a federation. The country thereafter enjoyed relative peace and stability, with several waves of European immigration, mainly Italians and Spaniards, radically reshaping its cultural and demographic outlook; 62.5% of the population has full or partial Italian ancestry,[22] [23] and the Argentine culture has significant connections to the Italian culture.[24]

The almost-unparalleled increase in prosperity led to Argentina becoming the seventh-wealthiest nation in the world by the early 20th century.[25][26][27] According to the Maddison Historical Statistics Project, Argentina had the world's highest real GDP per capita during 1895 and 1896, and was consistently in the top ten before at least 1920.[28][29] Currently, it is ranked 71st in the world. Following the Great Depression in the 1930s, Argentina descended into political instability and economic decline that pushed it back into underdevelopment,[30] although it remained among the fifteen richest countries for several decades.[25] Following the death of President Juan Perón in 1974, his widow and vice president, Isabel Martínez de Perón, ascended to the presidency. She was overthrown in 1976 by a military dictatorship. The military government persecuted and murdered thousands of political critics, activists, and leftists in the Dirty War, a period of state terrorism and civil unrest that lasted over until the election of Raúl Alfonsín as president in 1983.

Argentina ranks very high in the Human Development Index, the second-highest in Latin America after Chile. It is a regional power, and retains its historic status as a middle power in international affairs.[31][32][33] It maintains the second-largest economy in South America, and is a member of G-15 and G20. Argentina is also a founding member of the United Nations, World Bank, World Trade Organization, Mercosur, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States and the Organization of Ibero-American States....