Aronson 9e TB CH04 - Test bank for Chapter 4 PDF

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Chapter 4Social Perception: How We Come toUnderstand Other PeopleTotal Assessment Guide (T.A.)TopicQuestion Type Factual Conceptual Application Introduction Multiple Choice 3, 4, 6, 1, 2, 7 5EssayNonverbal CommunicationMultiple Choice 8, 9, 10, 14, 15, 19, 22, 23, 24, 27, 29, 30, 31, 36, 41, 4216, 2...

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Chapter 4 Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People Total Assessment Guide (T.A.G.) Topic

Question Type Multiple Choice

Factual

Conceptual

Application

3, 4, 6,

1, 2, 7

5

Multiple Choice

8, 9, 10, 14, 15, 19, 22, 23, 24, 27, 29, 30, 31, 36, 41, 42

16, 21, 25, 28, 32, 45

Essay

195

196, 197

11, 12, 13, 17, 18, 20, 26, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53 194

First Impressions: Quick but Long Lasting

Multiple Choice

55, 59, 64, 66

56, 61, 67, 70

54, 57, 58, 60, 62, 63, 65, 68, 69

Causal Attribution: Answering the “Why” Question

Multiple Choice

71, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 84, 89, 91, 92, 93, 94, 98, 104, 105, 109, 111, 114, 123, 124, 125, 126, 132, 136, 146, 147, 154, 159, 164

72, 77, 79, 81, 82, 85, 86, 87, 88, 95, 96, 97 ,99 ,100, 101, 102, 113, 116, 117, 118 ,127, 128, 129, 134, 140, 148, 149, 150, 160, 161

Essay Multiple Choice

200 167, 169, 170, 172, 177, 178, 192

80, 83, 90, 103, 103, 107, 108, 110, 112, 115, 119, 120, 121, 122, 130, 131, 133, 135, 137, 138, 139, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 151, 152, 153, 155, 156, 157, 158, 162, 163, 165 199, 201, 202 168, 171, 173, 174, 175, 176, 179, 181, 182, 183, 185, 186, 187, 189, 190, 191 203

Introduction

Essay Nonverbal Communication

Culture and Other Social Perception

Essay

Essay

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198 166, 180, 184, 188, 193

204

CHAPTER 4 SOCIAL PERCEPTION: HOW WE COME TO UNDERSTAND OTHER PEOPLE _____________________________________________________________________________

Multiple Choice Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1.

All we can see is other people’s appearance and behavior, but we are most interested in trying to infer from this a. why people behave the way they do. b. when people will change their behavior. c. whether people are happy or unhappy. d. what people will do when they are alone. Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page(s) in Text: 85 Topic: Introduction Skill: CONCEPTUAL

2.

The authors of your text report a story of a homeless man who spent his only quarter to find out why a couple (whose love letters he’d read) had broken up. This story demonstrates a. that homeless people make irrational decisions. b. that people tend to be very nosey. c. the idea that people are fascinated with the human condition. d. the need people have for belonging. Answer: C Difficulty: 2 Page(s) in Text: 85 Topic: Introduction Skill: CONCEPTUAL

3.

According to the authors, it’s not easy to understand and explain other people’s behaviors because a. other people intentionally hide their motivations and intentions. b. social behavior is often random. c. we have access only to observable behaviors. d. we are hopelessly biased by our own motivations. Answer: C Difficulty: 2 Page(s) in Text: 85 Topic: Introduction Skill: FACTUAL

4.

________ is defined as how we form impressions of and make inferences about other people. a. Attribution theory b. Social perception c. Social inference d. Social encoding Answer: B Difficulty: 1 Page(s) in Text: 86 Topic: Introduction Skill: FACTUAL

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5.

Professor Axelrod is interested in the effects of physical attractiveness on how others interpret the appearance and behaviors of attractive versus unattractive people. Professor Axelrod is most likely to be interested in a. attribution theory. b. lie detection. c. social perception. d. social encoding. Answer: C Difficulty: 2 Page(s) in Text: 86 Topic: Introduction Skill: APPLICATION

6.

According to your textbook authors, the popularity of “reality” television is largely due to the fact that we a. have an obsession with deviant behavior because it seems so “unreal” to us. b. promote our own self-esteem by viewing ourselves as superior to the “losers” on those programs. c. now perceive sitcoms as childish in comparison. d. are fascinated with trying to figure other people out so we can better understand our social world. Answer: D Difficulty: 2 Page(s) in Text: 85–86 Topic: Introduction Skill: FACTUAL

7.

According to the authors of your text, people use social perception in order to figure people out as part of social survival, and also because it a. is a skill in high demand by employers. b. makes us more likely to win if we are ever on a reality TV show. c. helps us empathize with people in distant countries. d. is enjoyable, and a form of entertainment. Answer: D Difficulty: 2 Page(s) in Text: 85–86 Topic: Introduction Skill: CONCEPTUAL

8.

The basic type of information people use about others to form impressions and understand them is a. intuition. b. nonverbal behavior. c. rational judgment. d. reading their blogs. Answer: B Difficulty: 2 Page(s) in Text: 76 Topic: Nonverbal Communication Skill: FACTUAL LO 4.1 How do people use nonverbal cues to understand others?

9.

All of the following are nonverbal behaviors EXCEPT a. spoken words. b. tone of voice. c. facial expressions. d. touch. Answer: A Difficulty: 1 Page(s) in Text: 86 3 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Topic: Nonverbal Communication Skill: FACTUAL LO 4.1 How do people use nonverbal cues to understand others? 10.

Nonverbal behavior is used for all of the following EXCEPT a. communicating one’s personality traits. b. conveying attitudes. c. writing letters. d. facilitating verbal communication. Answer: C Difficulty: 1 Page(s) in Text: 86 Topic: Nonverbal Communication Skill: FACTUAL LO 4.1 How do people use nonverbal cues to understand others?

11.

On your birthday, you arrive home and are overjoyed to find a large bouquet of flowers from your best friend. Your eyes grow wide and a broad smile crosses your face. You laugh in delight. This example best illustrates the use of nonverbal behavior to a. convey attitudes. b. communicate one’s personality traits. c. facilitate verbal communication. d. express emotions. Answer: D Difficulty: 2 Page(s) in Text: 86 Topic: Nonverbal Communication Skill: APPLICATION LO 4.1 How do people use nonverbal cues to understand others?

12.

Sheila fancies herself an outgoing extrovert. She smiles a lot and gestures dramatically as she talks. This example best illustrates the use of nonverbal behavior to a. convey attitudes. b. facilitate verbal communication. c. communicate personality traits. d. express emotions. Answer: C Difficulty: 2 Page(s) in Text: 86 Topic: Nonverbal Communication Skill: APPLICATION LO 4.1 How do people use nonverbal cues to understand others?

13.

Eva and her roommate haven’t been getting along lately. Every time Eva enters the room, her roommate looks away and turns her body so that her back is to Eva. This example best illustrates the use of nonverbal behavior to a. communicate personality traits. b. express rational cognitions. c. convey attitudes. d. facilitate verbal communication. Answer: C Difficulty: 2 Page(s) in Text: 86 Topic: Nonverbal Communication Skill: APPLICATION LO 4.1 How do people use nonverbal cues to understand others? 4 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

14.

When people communicate using nonverbal behavior, they typically use a. their eyes. b. their hands. c. their tone of voice. d. multiple channels. Answer: D Difficulty: 2 Page(s) in Text: 86 Topic: Nonverbal Communication Skill: FACTUAL LO 4.1 How do people use nonverbal cues to understand others?

15.

According to the authors of your text, how people communicate—intentionally or unintentionally—without words is the definition of a. gestures. b. automatic communication. c. nonverbal communication. d. social perception. Answer: C Difficulty: 1 Page(s) in Text: 86 Topic: Nonverbal Communication Skill: FACTUAL LO 4.1 How do people use nonverbal cues to understand others?

16.

Express is to ________ as interpret is to ________. a. encode; decode b. decode; encode c. encode; emit d. emit; encode Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page(s) in Text: 87 Topic: Nonverbal Communication Skill: CONCEPTUAL LO 4.1 How do people use nonverbal cues to understand others?

17.

Jessica smiles to convey that she is happy. Jessica’s smile is a way of ________ the emotion of happiness. a. encoding b. decoding c. verbalizing d. perceiving Answer: A Difficulty: 1 Page(s) in Text: 87 Topic: Nonverbal Communication Skill: APPLICATION LO 4.1 How do people use nonverbal cues to understand others?

18.

Larry sees a group of people weeping, with frowns on their faces and their eyes turned down. Larry ________ their expressions to understand that they are feeling sadness. a. encodes b. decodes c. recodes d. misinterprets Answer: B 5 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Difficulty: 1 Page(s) in Text: 87 Topic: Nonverbal Communication Skill: APPLICATION LO 4.1 How do people use nonverbal cues to understand others? 19.

Darwin believed that emotional expressions began as ________ that came to have evolutionary value because they ________. a. physiological reactions; convey emotional states to other members of the species b. physiological reactions; increased the efficiency of bodily reactions c. communication devices; increased the efficiency of bodily reactions d. random mutations; convey expectations to other members of the species Answer: A Difficulty: 3 Page(s) in Text: 87–88 Topic: Nonverbal Communication Skill: FACTUAL LO 4.1 How do people use nonverbal cues to understand others?

20.

Darwin believed that nonverbal communications were once-useful physiological reactions. Which face could Wghn, an early human, make that looks like vomiting in order to communicate to his group, “Don’t eat that!”? a. a happy face b. an angry face c. a surprised face d. a disgusted face Answer: D Difficulty: 2 Page(s) in Text: 88 Topic: Nonverbal Communication Skill: APPLICATION LO 4.1 How do people use nonverbal cues to understand others?

21.

Contemporary researchers have collected evidence that naturalist Charles Darwin (1872) was correct when he asserted that facial expressions are ________ specific. a. culture b. location c. species d. feeling Answer: C Difficulty: 3 Page(s) in Text: 88 Topic: Nonverbal Communication Skill: CONCEPTUAL LO 4.1 How do people use nonverbal cues to understand others?

22.

According to research conducted by Susskind and his colleagues (2008) presented by the authors of your text, the emotions of ________ and ________ involve opposite facial muscle movements. a. fear; disgust b. happiness; sadness c. anger; surprise d. pride; shame Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page(s) in Text: 88 Topic: Nonverbal Communication 6 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Skill: FACTUAL LO 4.1 How do people use nonverbal cues to understand others? 23.

According to research conducted by Susskind and his colleagues (2008) presented by the authors of your text, the expression of fear involves facial movements which a. decrease visual input. b. increase sensory input. c. lower arousal. d. enhance hearing. Answer: B Difficulty: 3 Page(s) in Text: 88 Topic: Nonverbal Communication Skill: FACTUAL LO 4.1 How do people use nonverbal cues to understand others?

24.

According to research conducted by Susskind and his colleagues (2008) presented by the authors of your text, when people make the facial expression of disgust, it involves a. decreasing input from the senses. b. increasing sensory input. c. heightened arousal. d. sensitized taste and smell. Answer: A Difficulty: 3 Page(s) in Text: 8 Topic: Nonverbal Communication Skill: FACTUAL LO 4.1 How do people use nonverbal cues to understand others?

25.

Based on evidence presented by the authors of your text, the facial expression for disgust is adaptive because it a. allows people to taste more sensitively. b. decreases the intensity of disgusting sensations. c. increases the chances people will detect poisons or pathogens in food. d. actually decreases the likelihood someone will become ill from eating spoiled food. Answer: B Difficulty: 2 Page(s) in Text: 8 Topic: Nonverbal Communication Skill: CONCEPTUAL LO 4.1 How do people use nonverbal cues to understand others?

26.

Imagine traveling to a country where you don’t speak the native language. You just had a great meal. You don’t want to be misunderstood, so how can you communicate to your host that the meal was great, and that you’re happy? a. smile b. give a “thumbs up” sign c. give the “ok” sign d. frown Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page(s) in Text: 88 Topic: Nonverbal Communication Skill: APPLICATION LO 4.1 How do people use nonverbal cues to understand others?

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27.

All of the following are among the six universally recognized facial expressions reported by Ekman EXCEPT a. sadness. b. fear. c. anger. d. guilt. Answer: D Difficulty: 2 Page(s) in Text: 88 Topic: Nonverbal Communication Skill: FACTUAL LO 4.1 How do people use nonverbal cues to understand others?

28.

Which of the following facial expressions does NOT belong? a. anger b. surprise c. desire d. happy Answer: C Difficulty: 2 Page(s) in Text: 88 Topic: Nonverbal Communication Skill: CONCEPTUAL LO 4.1 How do people use nonverbal cues to understand others?

29.

The six major facial expressions discussed in the text are widely considered to be a. universal. b. culture specific. c. developmentally determined. d. primate specific. Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page(s) in Text: 88 Topic: Nonverbal Communication Skill: FACTUAL LO 4.1 How do people use nonverbal cues to understand others?

30.

Ekman and his colleagues have identified ________ universal facial expressions in their research. a. three b. six c. nine d. twelve Answer: B Difficulty: 2 Page(s) in Text: 88 Topic: Nonverbal Communication Skill: FACTUAL LO 4.1 How do people use nonverbal cues to understand others?

31.

Ekman and Friesen (1971) collected convincing evidence that facial expressions are universal. In their research, they studied a. blind people who smile, even though they have never seen a smile. b. a preliterate tribe in an isolated part of New Guinea. c. infants before they learned to talk. d. facial expressions on five different continents. Answer: B 8 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Difficulty: 3 Page(s) in Text: 88 Topic: Nonverbal Communication Skill: FACTUAL LO 4.1 How do people use nonverbal cues to understand others? 32.

Recall that Ekman and Friesen (1971) have demonstrated that Fore tribespeople from a preliterate culture in New Guinea were able to decode the facial expressions of Westerners and encode emotion easily interpretable by Westerners. Their findings suggest that Darwin was a. right—facial expressions are species specific. b. wrong—facial expressions are culture specific. c. right—facial expressions are culture specific. d. wrong—facial expressions are universal among humans. Answer: A Difficulty: 3 Page(s) in Text: 88 Topic: Nonverbal Communication Skill: CONCEPTUAL LO 4.1 How do people use nonverbal cues to understand others?

33.

Nora has been blind since birth, and has never seen a smile, frown, or furrowed brow. At age three, how capable would she be of expressing emotions using the facial expressions of sighted people? a. Incapable of properly using facial expressions, she would require special training. b. She would be capable of expressing only negative emotions such as anger or sadness. c. She would be able to express all six basic emotions just as well as sighted people. d. It depends on what culture she is being reared in. Answer: C Difficulty: 3 Page(s) in Text: 88 Topic: Nonverbal Communication Skill: APPLICATION LO 4.1 How do people use nonverbal cues to understand others?

34.

Lars has been blind since birth. Which negative emotion is he unlikely to be able to express on his face? a. anger b. fear c. sadness d. frustration Answer: D Difficulty: 3 Page(s) in Text: 8 Topic: Nonverbal Communication Skill: APPLICATION LO 4.1 How do people use nonverbal cues to understand others?

35.

Harry is an American, and he just missed the lyrics in a karaoke contest at his local bar. Which of the following is he LEAST likely to express? a. shame b. pride c. disgust d. fear Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page(s) in Text: 89 Topic: Nonverbal Communication Skill: APPLICATION 9 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

LO 4.1 How do people use nonverbal cues to understand others? 36.

Recent research suggests that the expression for the emotion of contempt may be a. only found in Western cultures. b. easily confused with anger. c. only decoded by adults. d. another universal emotion. Answer: D Difficulty: 2 Page(s) in Text: 88 Topic: Nonverbal Communication Skill: FACTUAL LO 4.1 How do people use nonverbal cues to understand others?

37.

Milo, a Canadian, just won his race. He is likely to show pride, but it is a more complicated emotion to express than the universal expressions and includes body movement in addition to facial expression. What is Milo going to need to include in order to express pride? a. head tilted back, arms up b. head down, shoulders slumped c. shoulders raised, hands behind his back d. hand in his pockets, eyes down Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page(s) in Text: 89 Topic: Nonverbal Communication Skill: APPLICATION LO 4.1 How do people use nonverbal cues to understand others?

38.

Peter’s expression when Jan saw him at lunch was difficult to decode. One part of his face registered one emotion and another part of his face registered a different emotion. Therefore, Peter was demonstrating a. an ambivalence display. b. dissembling. c. a deceptive display. d. an affect blend. Answer: D Difficulty: 1 Page(s) in Text: 89 Topic: Nonverbal Communication Skill: APPLICATION LO 4.1 How do people use nonverbal cues to understand others?

39.

Your sister comes in and announces that she has just gotten engaged to the man she has been dating for the past two months. You feel a mix of surprise, happiness, and concern, and this shows on your face. The expression your face displays is known as a(n) a. affect blend. b. emotional mix. c. confusing facial display. d. contradictory facial expression. Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page(s) in Text: 89 Topic: Nonverbal Communication Skill: APPLICATION LO 4.1 How do people use nonverbal cues to understand others?

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40.

Based on information from the authors of your text, who would be more likely to express a feeling of shame publicly? a. Ken, a man from an individualist culture b. Tran, a man from a collectivist culture c. Lisa, a woman from an individualist culture d. Nanami, a woman who grew up in both individualist and collectivist cultures Answer: B Difficulty: 3 Page(s) in Text: 89 Topic: Nonverbal Communication Skill: APPLICATION LO 4.1 How do people use nonverbal cues to understand others?

41.
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