ATI Nutrition A Flashcards Quizlet-Summer 2019 PDF

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5/30/2019

ATI Nutrition A Flashcards | Quizlet

ATI Nutrition A STU DY

Flashcards Learn Write Spell Test PL AY

Match

spring semester

Created by

rn0909 GO

Terms in this set (73) you are admitting a patient

assign privileges based on weight gain

with anorexia what measures will you take regarding food

what food item is

potatoes (gluten free)

appropriate to consume for

(food items that are not gluten free: bread,

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a patient who has celiac

pudding, brand muffin, graham cracker),

disease

For this disease, eliminate gluten from diet, give vitamin (ADEK - fat soluble) supplements. Can have rice & corn. It is a chronic, inherited, genetic disorder with autoimmune characteristics. Clients who have celiac disease are unable to digest the protein gluten. They lack the digestive enzyme DPPIV, which is required to break down the gluten into molecules small enough to be used by the body. In celiac disease, gluten is broken down into peptide strands instead molecules. The body is not able to metabolize the peptides. If untreated, the client will suffer destruction of the villa and the walls of the small intestine. Celiac disease may go undiagnosed in both children and adults.

a patient with diabetes 1

monitor blood glucose levels during the night

mellitus assess somogyi phenomenon

when performing enteral

increase volume of formula over first 4-6

tube feeding you must

feedings , a method of feeding by providing a liquid diet directly to the stomach or intestine through a tube placed down the throat or through the wall of the GI tract

what is a normal lab value

HbA1c of 6.5%

for a person with type 2

abnormal: serum creatine 1.5 mg/dL

diabetes

BUN of 25 mg/dL

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pre-meal blood glucose of 145 mg/dL If you had a fasting blood glucose test: •A level of 100-125mg/dL means you have impaired fasting glucose, a type of prediabetes. This increases your risk for type 2 diabetes. •A level of 126 mg/dL and higher most often means you have diabetes

gastric bypass surgery

start each meal with protein , : surgically makes the stomach smaller and causes food to bypass the first part of the small intestine. this procedure is not reversible

somogyi phenomenon

is fasting hyperglycemia that occurs in morning in response to hypoglycemia during the night time. the nurse assesses for this phenomenon by monitoring blood glucose levels during the night. Usually occurs during the night, but manifests as an elevated glucose in the morning and may be inadvertently treated with an increase in insulin dosage. Check blood glucose around 3:00 a.m. Adjusting insulin to avoid peaking during the night will correct this effect.

enteral feeding must

report sodium 128 mEq/L. this finding is the

report:

priority to report to provider. normal range for blood sodium levels is 135 to 145 milliequivalents per liter ... hyponatremia occurs when hyperosmolar

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enteral feedings are being administered too rapidly and places client at risk for dehydration. it is important that formula be prepared as directed. diluting formula can decrease its nutritional content and cause inadequate weight gain. Nutrients supplied to the gastrointestinal tract orally or by feeding tube.

engaging in what activity

125 lb person; playing soccer `

will burn more calories

diverticulitis

limit fiber intake when experiencing manifestations. Infected or inflamed pouch (diverticulum) in the colon. Common in older persons; Lowfiber diet and constipation are risk factors.

type I diabetes (how to

"I know the serving size can affect the number

count carbs)

of carbs I can eat :A chronic metabolic disease characterized by high blood sugar (glucose) levels associated with the inability of the pancreas to produce insulin; also called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or juvenile-onset diabetes.

total parenteral nutrition (

:administer dextrose 10% in water

no bag available what should nurse do?)

TPN provides a nutritionally complete solution. It can be used when caloric needs are very high, when the anticipated duration of therapy is greater than 7 days, or when the solution to be administered is hypertonic (composed of

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greater than 10% dextrose). It can only be administered in a central vein. TPN is commonly used in clients undergoing treatment for cancer, bowel disorders, and those suffering from trauma or extensive burns, as these conditions are associated with high caloric requirements. Monitor for "cracking" of TPN solution. This occurs if the calcium or phosphorous content is high or if poor-salt albumin is added. A "cracked" TPN solution has an oily appearance or a layer of fat on top of the solution and should not be used.

iron deficiency anemia

:orange juice

(prescribed oral supplement which fluid

■■ Manifestations

should nurse administer

☐☐ Fatigue

along?

☐☐ Lethargy ☐☐ Pallor of nail beds ☐☐ Intolerance to cold ■■ Children with low iron intake can experience short attention spans and display poor intellectual performance before anemia begins. Iron deficiency anemia can result from poor intestinal absorption, blood loss, and inadequate consumption. ■■ Sources of iron ☐☐ Meat ☐☐ Fish ☐☐ Poultry

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☐☐ Tofu ☐☐ Dried peas and beans ☐☐ Whole grains ☐☐ Dried fruit ■■ Iron-fortified foods ☐☐ Infant formula (acceptable alternative or supplement to breastfeeding) ☐☐ Infant cereal (usually the first food introduced to infants) ☐☐ Ready-to-eat cereals ■■ Vitamin C facilitates the absorption of iron (promote consumption). ■■ Caution: Medicinal iron overdose is the leading cause of accidental poisoning in small children and can lead to acute iron toxicity.

important when helping

serve client one food at a time

impaired vision clients

kosher dietary laws

pressure ulcer: kosher dietary laws: food appropriate: macaroni and cheese requires strict separation of dairy and meat containing foods, careful slaughtering and inspection of all meats, no pork, no shellfish, no mixture of meat and dairy

helping a client with

items low in sodium: orange wedge, tomatoe-

nutrition who has

Brown rice

hypernatremia

tip to give a pregnant

"I will eat dry cereal before I get out of

women to help with nausea

bed"For nausea, eat dry crackers or toast. Avoid alcohol, caffeine, fats, and spices. Avoid drinking fluids

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with meals, and do not take medications to control nausea without checking with the provider.

client chemotherapy

" I have maintained my weight since start

adequate nutrition

treatmetns

expected acute

increase serum glucose due to decrease

pancreatitis labs

insulin production by pancreas Nutritional therapy for acute pancreatitis involves reducing pancreatic stimulation. The client is prescribed nothing by mouth (NPO), and a nasogastric tube is inserted to suction gastric contents.

what should the nurse

take supplements that contain vitamin D to

recommend to a client who

improve calcium absorption

has a Ca prescription in order to increase calcium absorption

list things that a nurse must

* gently palpate clients throat during

do in order to prevent

swallowing

dysphagia when giving oral

* inspect for food pockets in mouth before

feeding

feeding * allow client to rest 30 min before meals

what are some appropriate

pieces of avocado

snacks for a toddler

what should be the

15-25 lb

expected weight gain for a

Recommended weight gain during the first

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pregnant women who has a

trimester is 1 to 4 lb.

BMI of 29

◯◯ Recommended weight gain is 2 to 4 lb per month during the second and third trimesters. ◯◯ Trimesters two and three: ■■ Normal weight client - 1 lb/week for a total of 25 to 35 lb. ■■ Underweight client - just more than 1 lb/week for a total of 28 to 40 lb. ■■ Overweight client - 0.66 lb/week for a total of 15 to 25 lb.

when performing enteral

monitor gastric residual every 4hr

tube feeding what nursing

Monitor clients receiving enteral tube

intervention must be

feedings and report clinical manifestations of

performed in order to

dumping

prevent aspiration

syndrome to the provider. View Video: Enteral Tube Feeding ◯◯ Verify the presence of bowel sounds. ◯◯ To maintain feeding tube patency, it is flushed routinely with warm water. ■■ Gastric residuals should be checked every 4 to 6 hr. If the residual volume exceeds the amount of formula given in the previous 2 hr, it may be necessary to consider reducing the rate of the feeding. Residuals should be returned to the stomach as they contain electrolytes, nutrients, and digestive enzymes. Follow facility policy. ☐☐ For an infant - Subtract the amount of the residual from the amount of the formula to be given. Return the residual to the stomach plus the reduced amount of formula or breast milk. ☐☐ For children - If the residual is more than one fourth of the previous feeding, return the residual to the stomach and recheck in 30 to 60 min.

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☐☐ Notify the provider if a large amount of residual continues to occur. ◯◯ The head of the bed should be elevated at least 30º during feedings and for at least 30 to 60 min afterward to lessen the risk of aspiration. ◯◯ Bubble the infant following the feeding if the infant's condition allows. ◯◯ Begin with a small volume of fullstrength formula. Increase volume in intervals as tolerated until the desired volume is achieved. ◯◯ Administer the feeding solution at room temperature to decrease gastrointestinal discomfort. ◯◯ Do not heat formulas in a microwave as this can result in uneven temperatures within the solution.

what are some things to do

*eliminate environment disruptions during

in order to help a toddler

feeding

with risk for failure to thrive

remain seated in front of toddler for entire

(behavioral management)

feeding plan each feeding at same time each day

assessing client with end-

a diet rich in potassium

stage kidney disease, what would be an indication for increase risk of dysrhythmias

Facts about Potassium (K)

Major Actions ››Maintains fluid volume inside/outside cells, muscle action, blood pressure, cardiovascular support Major Sources ›› Oranges, dried fruits,

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tomatoes, avocados, dried peas, meats, broccoli, bananas Findings of Deficiency ›› Dysrhythmias, muscle cramps, confusion Findings of Excess ›› Dysrhythmias (caused by supplements, potassium-sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors, inadequate kidney function, diabetes) Nursing Implications ››Monitor ECG and muscle tone. PO tabs irritate the GI system. Give with meals.

end stage kidney disease

End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) or CKD manifestations include fatigue, decreased alertness, anemia, decreased urination, headache, and weight loss. ESKD or CKD occurs when the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is less than 29 mL/min, the serum creatinine level steadily rises, or dialysis or transplantation is necessary. ◯◯ Therapeutic Nutrition ■■ The goal of nutritional therapy is to maintain appropriate fluid status, blood pressure, and blood chemistries. ☐☐ A high-protein, low-phosphorus, lowpotassium, low-sodium (2 to 4 g/day), fluidrestricted diet is recommended. ☐☐ Once dialysis begins, protein intake will be increased because some protein is lost during dialysis. The amount of protein increase will depend on whether hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is being performed.

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☐☐ Vitamin D and calcium are nutrients of concern. ■■ Potassium intake is dependent upon the client's laboratory findings, which should be closely monitored. ■■ Sodium and fluid allowances are determined by blood pressure, weight, serum electrolyte findings, and urine output. ■■ Achieving a well-balanced diet based on the above guidelines is difficult. The National Renal Diet provides clients with a list of appropriate food choices. ■■ Protein needs increase once dialysis has begun as protein and amino acids are lost in the dialysate. ☐☐ Fifty percent of protein intake should come from biologic sources (eggs, milk, meat, fish, poultry, soy). ☐☐ Adequate calories (35 kcal/kg of body weight) should be consumed to maintain body protein stores. ■■ Phosphorus must be restricted. ☐☐ A high protein requirement leads to an increase in phosphorus intake. ☐☐ Foods high in phosphorus are milk products, beef liver, chocolate, nuts, and legumes. ☐☐ Phosphate binders (e.g., calcium carbonate, calcium acetate) must be taken with all meals and snacks. ■■ Vitamin D deficiency occurs as the kidneys are unable to convert vitamin D to its active form. ☐☐ This alters the metabolism of calcium, https://quizlet.com/287060987/ati-nutrition-a-flash-cards/

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phosphorus, and magnesium, leading to hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and hypermagnesemia. ☐☐ Calcium supplements will likely be required because foods high in phosphorus (which are restricted) are also high in calcium.

nurse is caring for a client

increase dietary intake of lutein

with age related macular degeneration are there any recommendations for nutritional changes to consider?

age related macular

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a

degeneration

deterioration or breakdown of the eye's macula. The macula is a small area in the retina — the light-sensitive tissue lining the back of the eye. The macula is the part of the retina that is responsible for your central vision, allowing you to see fine details clearly Lutein and zeaxanthin are macular pigments that may play a role in reducing the development and progression of age-related macular degeneration. Evidence is accumulating on the consumption of lutein and zeaxanthin (in whole food or supplemental form), the resulting concentrations in the serum, and tissue distribution throughout the body, particularly in the retina. Lutein and zeaxanthin intake increases serum concentrations which in turn increases macular pigment density

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the nurse is teaching a

two-egg cheese omelet and banana

client about low-residue

a low residue diet limits the amount of stool

diet. which food choice

traveling through intestine tract

indicates understanding of

A low-residue diet is a diet in which fiber and

teaching

other foods that are harder for your body to digest are restricted. Fiber is made up of plant material that cannot be completely digested by the body. High-fiber foods include wholegrain breads and cereals, nuts, seeds, and raw or dried fruits. Residue refers to undigested foods, including fiber, that make up stool. If intestinal walls are inflamed or damaged, digestion and absorption of nutrients and water may be impaired, depending on the location of disease activity

what response from mom

"I will add more water to formula if baby has

who wants to bottle feed

diarrhea"

formula indicates a need for further teaching

during a class for woman of

3.5 oz chicken liver

child bearing age, what food source should be recommended to take in order to have adequate folate

what should you do if a

offer a nutritionally comparable supplement

client does not like the

offer it chilled to improve taste

taste of a nutritional supplement?

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what would be the first

obtain 24 hr dietary recall

action to take on an obese client who wants to lose weight

?providing post op

pinto beans (are a plant protein)

instructions about proteins

therefore incomplete food protein

to client who had a below the knee amputation, additional instructions

nurse is reviewing protein

albumin (reflect over all body protein status

status of a malnourished

and are used to detect kidney and liver

person what lab values

functioning

should be reviewed

teaching about food

"I will stop eating cheddar cheese" bc it

interactions to client taking

contains tyramine and should be avoided

monoamine oxidase

while taking MAOI

inhibitor (MAOI) what response indicates effective teaching:

monoamine oxidase

A group of anti-depressant drugs that inhibit

inhibitor

the enzyme Monoamine Oxidase in the brain and raise the levels of neurotransmitters such as--Norepinephrine, Dopamine, and Serotonin., A type of antidepressant medication that requires strict adherence to a diet free of tyramine, Antidepressant, side effects dry mouth,

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