Attainting Experies - Grade: A PDF

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Running head: ATTAINING EXPERTISE

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Attaining Expertise Bryce Chavez PSYCH/640 11 Novermber 2019 Stephanie Sencil-White

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Attaining Expertise “Careers are funny things. They begin mysteriously and, just as mysteriously, they can end; and I am at just the very beginning of what I hope will be a long and satisfying life in the theater. But, whatever happens, I am grateful to have had my novice work received so well, and so quickly” (Edward Albee Quotes, 2019). As any Individual reads this paper then that is how they will learn that becoming an expert at anything is time consuming but worth it at the end.

Stages of Expertise.

The Novice Stage The stages that of a novice is the first level of skills that of acquisition. This is the stage that the individual is just getting started with the skills and they have very little familiarity with it. The main defining element that that of being a novice is having a reliance that on recipes. Novices are going to need clear instruction that is how to do something so they can do it. That is because the novices do not know what they are doing because they have no skill in what they are doing. As a novice needs to know someone else’s recipes to be follow so they have an understand what to do. Novices do not know the variables that in skill that are worth focusing on and which ones that are not to focus on. As a novice they want to know everything at once but this where the training and a supervisor takes place. The supervisor can explain to the novice that is not a good thing to try to do everything at once because they can become overwhelmed very easily.

When a novice becomes overwhelmed, they will start to freak out and ger exasperated and wonder if they are even doing a good job at what they are doing. The decision making that of a novice is analytical because they do not have skills or the intuitive sense that of skill. They will

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look at the any kind of data they will plug it into the recipe then go with whatever the recipe would spit out. The novice is only following the recipe that was given to them that means they are completely detached from the process that takes place while using the given recipe. If something were to go wrong then the novice will blame the recipe for the error but if everything goes well then, they will praise the process that is because they do not have any personal involvement in what is happening.

The Advanced Beginner Stage Once the novice becomes an advance beginner that is when they can start to troubleshoot their own problems and work on their own. They are still using recipes but they are more contextual aware when they are using the recipe. The most defining characteristic that of the advance beginner is recognized as the aspects of the situation. They are beginning to see what the different about the situation and they are moving through the different layers that of the abstractions and being able to use that information for different recipes and guidelines to be able to solve the problem.

As an advance beginner, the individual does not have the big picture that of view of skills yet but they are starting to develop more context and are not completely lost when something goes wrong. Meaning that instead of the individual blaming the recipe when they get or hit an error they will go and look for another recipe. The advance beginner has a better idea of what the recipes are relevant and are able to be used to the maxims in the decision making. The advance beginner can start to combine situational information with the non-situational information to be able to figure out what to do.

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As the advance beginner starts to understand the context that of the situation and can make decision based off of it but they are not sure what the information is relevant to and do not know how to filter their inputs. That being said they still become overwhelmed by everything so they feel that they have to keep track everything by absorbing more recipes and maxims. That is when the individual starts to feel like they are never going to master it.

The Competent Stage As the process is made throughout the advance beginner stage the more the individual adds more recipes and maxims then more the experience the individual is going to have. The individual is going to perform better and better then eventually they will hit a point where it becomes completely overwhelming then that is when the individual will have to develop rules about when the recipes are to be applied. There are developments that of the rules that is a key to the characteristic that of the Competent. The individual will have a better sense that of what is relevant and what isn’t. The individual will have a draw on a wide collection that of recipes and based off of those there will be situational rules.

Example of Rules

“Focus primarily on shutter speed when it’s a fast-moving subject.” The unbalanced pawn structure in this game is important because [other variables].” “To slow down off the highway, focus on speed, not changing gears.” For this kind of article, I should apply SEO maxims like X, Y, Z” (Eliason, 2017).

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The second main characteristic that of a competent individual it is when the individual is picking the rules and using the rules as they are applied to different recipes that is when the individual become emotional involved with the outcome. Unlike when being a novice or advance beginner they are detached from the outcome the competent individual can experience the joy of making the right choice that of the recipes and remorse for choosing the wrong one. As a competent individual the blame is shifting to from the recipe to the individual and since now the individual is involved in choosing on what to do.

The Proficient Stage At this point the individual has become more emotionally involved in the decision that they make. With the positive and the negative response that of the decision can reinforce the correct ones and discourage the incorrect ones that is when the individual can and will develop an increasing intuitive sense that of the recipes and maxims as they apply it to the situation. The most defining characteristic that the proficient individual is the intuitive sense that of what the goal should be given for the situation. As the individual becomes proficient that means as they were a competent performer they were to choose what criteria to focus on and what recipes and maxims to used that can be based on that but as a proficient performer they know what criteria to focus on because they have absorbed enough of the skill to be able to intuit which data is important and which is not.

The Expert Stage

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The expert can operate entirely on intuition because the individual knows what their goal should be and what to do about it and what should happen as the results. The expert performer is emotionally involved and invested with the whole process and that is because they are running off of intuition that being said they can have a hard time trying to explain why they do the things they do to the non-experts meaning the novices or advance beginners. The most important thing to an expert is to know what is important and what is not important. The expert performer can identify all the relevant pieces that of the skill whether they are universal variables or if they are situational ones.

The experts also know what is not important what is important because they are focused on entirely intuitively. Experts do not need to choose what to focus on and they do not need rules for it as well. They just need to know what is important that is for the settings for their goal and to be able to devise a method. “Whereas the first four levels of expertise still relied on analytical decision making by consciously deciding what the best course of action is, the expert intuitively knows what they should do and does it. They don’t need to explain the reasons, they can recognize it as they can recognize the face of a friend” (Eliason, 2017).

The Brain.

The Phase that an individual will hear as they are working on something new such as a new job or even school. Practice makes perfect. This has a neural basis in the brain, the

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researchers have discovered that there is a set of common changes within the brain that is upon learning a new skill. They have detected that the neural marker for the reorganization that the brain undergoes when an individual practice and becomes proficient at a task. “The trainingrelated changes we found – that signify a shift to a more ‘efficient’ configuration of brain networks – provide a potential new brain marker for training effectiveness,” said neuroscientist Nathan Spreng, assistant professor of human development and the Rebecca Q. and James C. Morgan Sesquicentennial Faculty Fellow in Cornell's College of Human Ecology. “Such neural markers are increasingly being used to inform the design of new or more-targeted interventions to improve cognitive and motor functioning in aging, brain injury or disease,” he added” (Chronicle, 2013).

Conclusion

“People wonder why first-time directors can make a brilliant picture, then suck on the second one. It’s because they’re a little terrified the first time. So, they listen to all the experts around them” (Wojcik, 2013).

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References Chronicle, C. (2013). Scientists discover how brains change with new skills | Cornell Chronicle. Retrieved 26 November 2019, from https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2013/04/scientistsdiscover-how-brains-change-new-skills "Edward Albee Quotes." BrainyQuote.com. BrainyMedia Inc, 2019. 25 November 2019. https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/edward_albee_778557 Eliason, N. (2017). The Step-by-Step Guide to Go from Novice to Expert in Any Skill - Nat Eliason. Retrieved 26 November 2019, from https://www.nateliason.com/blog/becomeexpert-dreyfus Wojcik, C. (2012). 18 Encouraging Quotes Every Aspiring Expert Needs to Hear – Expert Enough. Expertenough.com. Retrieved 26 November 2019, from https://expertenough.com/1123/18-expert-quotes...