AUBF - Urinalysis - Microscopic Urinalysis PDF

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Summary

● Least standardized, most time consuming ● Uses urinary sediment ● Identification of insoluble substances (formed elements) Red blood cells (RBCs) - Parasites - Casts White blood cells (WBCs) - Mucus - Crystals Epithelial cells - Spermatozoa - Yeast Bacteria - Crystals - Artifacts MACROSCOPIC SCREE...

Description

AUBF | Microscopic UA Compiled by: Vienna Cari-cari

EXAMINATION of sediment Minimum 10 low (10×) and 10 high (40×) fields Low power: casts, general composition – Scan edges for casts with glass slide method ● High power: identification of type ● Initial focusing: low power, reduced light – Focus on epithelial cell, not artifacts that are in a different plane ● Use fine adjustment continuously for best view ● ●

Least standardized, most time consuming Uses urinary sediment ● Identification of insoluble substances (formed elements) ● ●

- Red blood cells (RBCs) - White blood cells (WBCs) - Epithelial cells - Bacteria

- Parasites - Mucus - Spermatozoa - Crystals

- Casts - Crystals - Yeast - Artifacts

REPORTING the microscopic exam MACROSCOPIC SCREENING Based on physical and chemical results ● Color, clarity, blood, protein, nitrite, leukocyte esterase, and possibly glucose ●

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Special populations: - Pregnant - Pediatric - Geriatric

- Diabetic - Immunocompromised - Renal patients

● Consistent

Casts RBCs, WBCs

“ per lpf” “ per hpf”

Epithelial cells, crystals, etc., in semiquantitative terms

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● Sediment

Fresh or preserved – RBCs, WBCs, casts disintegrate in dilute, alkaline urine ● Refrigeration precipitates crystals – can obscure other elements ● Midstream clean catch – less contamination (epithelial cells) ● Thoroughly mix before decanting to the centrifuge tube

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“Few”, “moderate”, “many” 1+, 2+, 3+, 4+ * Followed by “/lpf” or “/hpf”

Sediment exam techniques

SPECIMEN PREPARATION ●

within laboratory

appearance

– Cells and casts in various stages of development and degeneration – Distortion of cells and crystals by the chemical content of the specimen – The presence of inclusions in cells and casts – Contamination by artifacts

Sediment Stains

SPECIMEN VOLUME ● Low

Centrifuge 10 to 15 mL urine – reagent strips fit into 12 mL ●...