Pre Lab 4 - prelab activity urinalysis testing PDF

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prelab activity urinalysis testing...

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MLS 4424/5524 – Medical Laboratory Fundamentals Pre-Lab Activity #4 – Urinalysis Testing Please read Urinalysis SOP, Chemical Analysis, Microscopic Elements, Casts in the Urine Sediment, Cells in the Urine Sediment, and Urine Culture Criteria

Due: September 12th 1. What are the normal urine colors? The normal urine colors are light yellow, yellow and dark yellow. 2. What are the normal urine clarities? The normal urine clarities are clear and cloudy. 3. List a cause for each of the following positive test results: pH = 8.5 Bacterial growth by certain organisms Glucose Ketone Severe diarrhea Specific Gravity = 1.005 Urobilinogen Hepatitis Protein Acute and chronic glomerulonephritis Nitrites Asymptomatic bacteriuria Leukocytes Acute pyelonephritis Blood Hemolytic anemia Bilirubin hepatitis 4. Briefly describe the correct way to mix a urine specimen. The correct way to mix a urine sample is by gentle inversion. 5. List the testing and storage requirements for urine. A properly labeled urine sample should be tested within two hours after collection. If it is not possible to test the urine sample within two hours then it may be stored for up to 12 hours at 2 to 8°C. if needed to test the sample then it should be brought to room temperature and routinely tested. 6. What is the expiration date of the reagent dipsticks? The opened reagent dipsticks can be used until the printed expiration date on the vial if quality control testing is acceptable as the opened control bottle expires in 31 days. 7. When performing a manual urine dipstick, why are the test read at specific time intervals? The tests are read at specific time because it is critical for the optimal results. 8. When performing a urine dipstick test on the Clinitek 50, why must the Green Start button be pressed at the same time the sample is dipped?

9. What is the centrifuge time and speed for a urine microscopic urine preparation? For the urine microscopy, the urine sample is centrifuged for 5 minutes at 1500rpm. 10. Briefly describe the preparation of the microscopic urine specimen. The urine sample is centrifuged in a labeled centrifuge tube for 5 minutes at 1500rpm. About 1ml of the concentrated sediment is used and rest of the supernatant is discarded. It is uniformly mixed to re-suspend the sediment. One drop of re-suspended urine sediment is placed on a glass slide with no air bubbles. A coverslip is placed over the drop of the urine sediment and observed under microscope. 11. When a urine microscopic is performed, the condenser on the microscope must be adjusted to the lowest position. WHY? The condenser on the microscope is lowered to use the subdued light as bright light may interfere in visualizing hyaline casts and other partially transparent solid elements. 12. What microscopic elements are observed under low power? Squamous epithelial cells, casts and mucus. 13. What microscopic elements are observed under high power? RBC, WBC, transitional and renal epithelial cells, bacteria, yeast, sperm, Trichomonas and crystals. 14. Match the following microscopic elements with the expected positive dipstick reaction: a. __3___ RBCs 1. Protein b. __4___ WBCs 2. Nitrite c. _2____ Bacteria 3. Blood d. __1___ Hyaline Casts 4. Leukocyte Esterase 15. List the criteria for performing a urine culture: A urine culture is performed if 2 of the following 3 criteria are positive:  Positive leukocyte esterase  Positive nitrite  ≥ 10 WBCs/HPF 16. List one cause for a false positive urobilinogen test. Substances like p-aminosalicylic acid and sulfonamides interferes with Ehrlich’s reagent in the test pad causing a false positive urobilinogen test.

17. High levels of tetracycline may cause a false negative test for which analyte? It may cause false negative test for Leukocytes.

18. High amounts of protein can cause a false positive for which test? It causes false positive result for the specific gravity of the urine....