Bio assignment - Eucaryotic cell cycle and cancer PDF

Preview

Summary

Eucaryotic cell cycle and cancer...

Description

Biology Mahoney 11/7/18 Why is cell division important for both unicellular and multicellular organisms? In Unicellular organisms, cell division is the only way for them to reproduce. While for Multicellular organisms, cell division provides growth, healing of wounds, replacing of cells lost, and reproducing offspring. Why does cell division remain important to an adult organism even after its fully developed? Cell Division remains important to an adult organism after its fully developed because it still requires cells to be replenished and for wounds to be healed. Cells divide, differentiate, or die. What is differentiation? Differentiation is when cells start dividing in the intention of specializing in structure or a specific function. What is apoptosis? What is its purpose? Apoptosis is when one or more cells get randomly infected with a virus which inturn causes their death. Although it is basically to cell suicide, it is needed for the cell cycle to fully develop in the organism. It maintains functionality and activities of the cells. What are cell cycle regulators? Cell Cycle Regulators are molecular signals that have the purpose of stimulating cell division, initiate cell differentiation, or start the cell death process. What happens if cell cycle regulators don’t function properly? If the cells cycle regulators don’t function properly, the organism may have an imbalance of cells present. May be too much or two little which can lead to a multitude of health issues such as cancer. Fill in the blank 7) Cells go through periods of growth and division. Cell division occurs during MITOSIS .The rest of the cell cycle is called interphase, during which (complete the sentence) 8) G1 = This stage is when the cell grows and prepares the replication. S = This stage is when the cell makes a copy of its DNA and has two chromosomes.

G2 = This stage is when the cell grows and prepares for division.

9) The purpose of the checkpoint is to make sure the cell’s DNA is fully intact, for the two chromosomes are fully ready, and that they’re ample cell components. 10) A) G0 is when cells cease to divide. This could be because they are either resting or at the end of the cells life and complete the cell cycle. B) Yes, cells can leave. 11) A) Proto-oncogenes B) Growth C) Tumor suppressor gene D) Retinoblastoma protein 12) One is Uninhibited/ unregulated cell division (mitosis). Also a mutation that doesn’t allow the cell to undergo apoptosis. 13) The final stage of differentiation becomes difficult for cells to get pass which inturn causes them to pile up and form a tumor. 14) To cause cancer, proto-oncogenes require one allele(s) to be mutated and therefore are considered dominant. The mutation results in a gain of function 15) Tumor suppressor genes usually stop the cell cycle process in multiple spots. When the gene stops cells in G1, it moves them to G0 where they stop. a) To cause cancer, tumor suppressor genes require both allele(s) to be mutated and therefore mutation and therefore are considered received. The mutation results in a loss of function....