Bio Chapter 14 Vocab PDF

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Bio Chapter 14 Vocab 14.1 

Character – an observable heritable feature that may vary among individuals

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Trait – one of two or more detectable variants in genetic disorder

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True Breeding – organisms that produce offspring of the same variety over many generation of self-pollination

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Hybridization – in genetics, the mating, or crossing, of two truebreeding varieties

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P Generation – the true-breeding (homozygous) parent individuals from which F1 hybrid offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for “parental”

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F1 Generation – the first filial, hybrid (heterozygous) offspring arising from a parental (P generation) cross

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F2 Generation – the offspring resulting from interbreeding (or selfpollination) of the hybrid F1 generation

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Allele – any of the alternative versions of a gene that may produce distinguishable phenotypic effects

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Dominant Allele – an allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote

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Recessive Allele – an allele whose phenotypic effect is not observed in a heterozygote

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Law of Segregation – Mendel’s first law, stating that the two alleles in a pair segregate (separate from each other) into different gametes during gamete formation

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Law of Independent Assortment – Mendel’s second law, stating that each pair of alleles segregates, or assorts, independently of each other pair during gamete formation

14.2

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Multiplication Rule – A rule of probability stating that the probability of two or more independent events occurring together can be determined by multiplying their individual probabilities

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Complete Dominance – the situation in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable Incomplete Dominance – the situation in which the phenotype of the heterozygotes is intermediate between the phenotypes of individuals homozygous for either allele Codominance – the situation in which the phenotypes of both alleles are exhibited in the heterozygote because both alleles affect the phenotype in separate distinguishable ways Allele – any of the alternative versions of a gene that may produce distinguishable phenotypic effects Pleiotropy – the ability of a single gene to have multiple effects Epistasis – a type of gene interaction in which the phenotypic expression of one gene alters that of another independently inherited gene Polygenic Inheritance – an additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotypic character Norm of Reaction – the range of phenotypes produced by a single genotype, due to the environmental influences...