Bio Exam Review - Summary Brock Biology of Microorganisms, Books a la Carte Edition PDF

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1.A covalent chemical bond is one in which outer shell shares. 2.What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds? Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the electrical attraction between atoms. 3. Which bond or interaction would be least likely to dissociate when a compound is put into water? Covalent bond 4.Biological evolution of life on Earth, from simple prokaryote-like cells to large, multicellular eukaryotic organism, has occurred in accordance with the laws of thermodynamics. 5. How many covalent bonds do you think an atom of N can form? 3 6. Which element is most similar to Sodium? K 7. Liquid water has a high specific heat. A consequence of absorption and release of the heat when hydrogen bonds break and form. 8.Which type of bond must be broken down for water to vaporize? Hydrogen bonds 9. Why does ice float in liquid water? Hydrogen bonds stabilize and keep the molecules in the ice farther apart than the water. 10. What is most likely to happen to the fish’s cell? Constantly losing water and likely to use active transport to pump dissolved ions. 11. One liter of a solution of pH 2 has how many H ions than 1 L of a solution of 6 pH? 10,000 12. A beaker contains 100 mL of NaOH solution at pH =13. 10 mL beaker. HCL ph=1. What are the results of mixing the solution? The pH of the contents beaker falls. 13. Based on your knowledge of the polarity of water molecules, the solute molecule depicted here is most likely positively charged. 14. Incorrect statement of enzymes. Enzymes increase (decrease) the activation energy of reactions in living cells. 15. Which is not a polymer? Glucose

16. A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 is probably a carbohydrate and monosaccharide. 17. How is lactose classified? As a disaccharide. 18. Which is not true about saturated fats? The have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids. 19. What is the result of adding Hydrogen to veggie oil? The hydrogen vegetable oil stays solid at room temp. 20. 100 amino acids. How many peptide bonds are present in a protein? 99 21. what aspects of protein structure are assisted by hydrogen bonds? Secondary, tert and quat. not prim 22. 4mm 40X mag. can fit four times across. 0.1cm 23. The tert struc of protein is unique 3-d shape of fully folded polypeptide 24. Sickle-cell hemoglobin exhibits altered quat structure and primary 25. which best fits the type of molecules known as nucleotides? a nitro base, phos group and more 26. The structure depicted in the figure shown above shows the alpha helix of secondary structure 27. Prokaryotic cell has all except ER 28. Evolution of eukaryotic cells involves endosymbiosis 29. Where does glycolysis take place in eukaryotic cells? cytosol 30. Which of the following organelles contains these hydrolytic enzymes in animal cells? lysosome 31. ATP primary site, Mitochondria 32. plant cell organelle contains DNA ribosome? mitochondria 33. integral membrane protein need to be amphipathic 34. Which of the following is true of integral membrane protein?

They are usually transmembrane proteins. 35. Primary function of polysaccharides of animal cell membranes is to mediate cell to cell recognition 36. WHich is true about diffusion? It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of high concentration to lower concentration. 37. Blood cells engulf phagocytosis 38. Pinocytosis is nonselective in the molecules it brings to the cell, whereas receptor-mediated en.. 39.blood cell phag contained in lysosome. 40 . chemical bonds in carbs or between 2nd and third phosphate group of ATP examples of potential energy 41. Transfusion, most probable result? The patient’s red blood cells will swell because the blood fluid has become hypotonic compared to the cells. 42. The 1st law of thermodynamics … considering the laws which is correct? Living things must capture energy from their surroundings in order to survive. 43. A possible link between smoking and cancer might be considered to be a hypothesis 44. it is supported independent variable how much they smoke. dependent is rate of occurrence of cancer in patients. Stanley MIller's 1953 experiments proved that organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically in earlier environments. nothing breaks the 2nd law of thermodynamics....