BIO181L-LAB12 - Tanner Carothers PDF

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Tanner Carothers...

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1. What are the consequences of either an incomplete or absent “S” stage of the cell cycle? The presence of absence “S” stage of the cell cycle could result in a damaged DNA. The cells will not enter the S-phase and remain in the G1 phase 2. Based on your observations, readings, and simulations, describe at least two stages in the cell cycle where things can go wrong. Mitosis is a multistep process with checkpoints to make sure things are going properly. If a cell detects that something has gone wrong during mitosis the first thing it does is to stop the process. It usually happens in metaphase, in which the chromosomes move to the center of the cell and align in an area called the metaphase plate. If they do not align correctly, they cannot move individually to opposite poles in the later phases of mitosis, and the result will be one cell with extra chromosomes and a daughter cell with missing chromosomes. If cytokinesis occurs at the wrong time or in the wrong place, it can lead to cells with an abnormal amount of chromosomes. 3. Plant and animal mitosis are very similar except for cytokinesis. Explain how this process is different. In Cytokinesis, the contractile ring in animal cells contracts and pinches the cell into 2 daughter cells. In plants, a new cell wall forms inside the cell that grows outward until the formation of two new cells.

4. Describe two distinct morphological differences between the normal (N) cells and the abnormal (L) cells used in this lab. The two distinct morphological differences between the normal cells and abnormal cells are the variation in size and shape, and large nucleus to cytoplasm ratio. Normal (N) cells has a large cytoplasm and single nucleus. Abnormal (L) cells have a small cytoplasm but instead a single nucleus, it has multiples nuclei....