Biochemistry: Renal Function Multiple Choice Questions PDF

Preview

Summary

Practice Multiple Choice Questions based on Renal Function....

Description

Renal&Function& & The&kidney&filtrates&60&L/day&and&reabsorb&more&than&95.5%&of&the&amount&filtered.& a) True& b) False& & Renal&functions&test&include&all&the&followings&EXCEPT& a) Production&of&bilirubin& b) Excretion&of&metabolic&waste&and&by-products&& c) Endocrine&function&& d) Regulation&of&plasma&electrolytes,&fluid/water&balance,&blood&pressure& & Liver&is&an&organ&of&the&----system&while&kidneys&are&the&organs&of&the&----system.& a) Digestive& b) Urinary& & The&liver&produces&the&active&form&of&Vit&D.& a) True& b) False& & The&functional&unit&of&kidney&is&Nephron.& a) True& b) False& & In&the&kidney,&the&glomerulus&is&in&charge&of&filtering&the&blood,&whereas,&the&proximal& tubules&are&in&charge&of&reabsorption&and&secretion.& a) True& b) False& & In&the&kidney,&the&-----is&in&charge&of&-----the&blood,&whereas,&the&--------are&in&charge&of&----and&secretion.& a) Glomerulus& b) Absorption& c) Proximal&tubules& d) Reabsorption&-&filtering& & Each&nephron&produces&~200&µL&of&urine&per&day.& a) True& b) False& & The&increase&in&blood&volume&in&the&body&is&termed----------& a) Hyperglycemia& b) Hypervolemia& c) Hypovolemia& d) Hypoglycemia& & & &

Renal&Function& & The&filtration&process&is&taking&place&in&the& a) Glomerulus& b) Heart&& c) Proximal&tubules& d) Spleen& & The&reabsorption&process&is&taking&place&in&the& a) Glomerulus& b) Heart&& c) Proximal&tubules& d) Spleen& & Glomerular&capillary&membrane&consists&of&three&layers&which&allows&some&the&blood&to& pass&though&but¬&all,&blood&cells&and&----molecular&weight&proteins&are&----and&----pass.&& a) High& b) Low&& c) large&& d) Small&can&&& e) Can’t& & The&glomerular&capillary&membrane&could&filter&the&following&EXCEPT& a) Blood&cells& b) Creatinine& c) Glucose& d) Urea& e) Water& & In&healthy&person,&the&kidney&tubules&reabsorb&completely&or&most&of&all&of&the&following& EXCEPT& a) Creatinine& b) Glucose& c) Urea& d) Water& & In&a&healthy&person,&do&you&expect&to&see&glucose&in&urine?& a) Yes& b) No& & In&a&healthy&person,&do&you&expect&to&see&creatinine&in&urine?& a) Yes& b) No& & In&a&healthy&person,&do&you&expect&to&see&glucose&in&blood?& a) Yes& b) No& &

Renal&Function& In&a&healthy&person,&do&you&expect&to&see&creatinine&in&blood?& a) Yes& b) No& & Substances&are&actively&filtered&from&blood&by&the&----and&added&to&tubular&fluid&(active& transport).&Some&substances&such&as&K+&and&HCO3-&are&reabsorbed&and&secreted&in&the&------,& whereas&creatinine,&and&some&drugs&are&moved&by&active&transport&from&the&blood&into&the&---------------to&urine.& a) Glomerulus& b) Nephron& c) Proximal&tubules& d) Distal&tubule& & Glomerular&Filtration&rate&(GFR)&depends&on&the&difference&between&two&forces:&----pressure&in&glomerular&capillaries&&and&-----pressure&in&the&lumen&of&glomerular&capsule.&& a) Blood& b) Hydrostatic& & Plasma&colloid&osmotic&pressure&(----pressure),&is&a&form&of&osmotic&pressure&exerted&by& proteins,¬ably&----that&prevents&water&from&leaving&the&blood.& a) Oncotic&& b) Hydrostatic& c) Albumin& d) Creatine& e) Alkaline&phosphatase& & Glomerulus&allows&small&molecules&to&get&filtered.&Albumin&is&within&the&size&of&filtration.& Does&it&get&filtered&or¬?& In&a&healthy&person,&do&you&expect&to&see&creatinine&in&urine?& a) Yes& b) No& & There&are&reabsorbed&substances&and&non&reabsorbed&substances&known&as&---------&such&as& inulin,&which&go&directly&to&the&urine.& a) Capsule&fluid& b) Renin&fluid& c) Nephron&fluid& d) Tubular&fluid& & In&the&kidneys,&reabsorbed&substances&known&as&tubular&fluid&(e.g.&inulin)&go&directly&to&the& urine.& a) True& b) False& & Increase&of&sodium&in&plasma&leads&to&increase&in&plasma&osmolarity.& a) True& b) False&

Renal&Function& & In&the&kidney,&the&tubular&secretion&of&--------&from&the&blood&into&the&tubular&fluid&helps&the& blood&to&keep&its&pH&in&the&normal&level?& a) Calcium& b) Creatinine& c) H+&and&NH4+& d) Na+&and&K& & The&typical&pH&of&the&blood&is&-------,&whereas&that&of&urine&is&-----.& a) 4.5-6.0& b) 6.0& c) 3.5-5.5& d) 7.35-7.45& e) More&than&11& & Most&of&the&blood&acids&are&coming&from:& a) HCl& b) H2SO4& c) CO2& d) PO4---& e) SO3--& & -------&has&an&essential&role&as&a&buffer&in&blood.& a) HCl& b) HCO3-& c) H2SO4& d) PO4---& e) SO3--& & Is&there&a&renal&threshold&for&water&?& a) Yes& b) No& & The&plasma&concentration&above&which&the&substance&appears&in&the&urine&is&known&as&renal& threshold.& a) True&& b) False& & When&does&glucose&appear&in&the&urine?&When&its&concentration&exceeds&the&renal& threshold&of&15&mmol/L.& a) True&& b) False& & & & & &

Renal&Function& & Renal&threshold&does¬&exist&for&water&as&it&is&always&transported&passively&through& diffusion&down&a&concentration&gradient.& & Renal&threshold&is&the&plasma&concentration&above&which&the&substance&appears&in&the& urine.&Glucose&can&be&seen&in&urine&if&its&concentration&is&above-------&mmol/L:& 3& 6& 8& 9& 11& & Which&of&the&following&solutions&freezes&faster&(at&higher&temperature)?& a) 5%&w/v&salt&solution& b) 10%&w/v&salt&solution& c) 15%&w/v&salt&solution& d) 25%&w/v&salt&solution& & Plasma&osmolarity&is&higher&than&urine&osmolarity&in&normal&patient.& a) True& b) False& & -----&is&a&measure&of&the&osmoles&(Osm)&of&solute&per&kilogram&of&solvent&(osmol/kg&or& Osm/kg),&----is&defined&as&the&number&of&osmoles&of&solute&per&liter&(L)&of&solution&(osmol/L& or&Osm/L).& a) Osmolarity& b) Osmolality& & What&is&the&responsible&hormone&for&concentrating&urine&and&increasing&osmolality&/& osmolarity?& a) Anti-diuretic&hormone& b) Epinephrine& c) Glucagon& d) Insulin& & The&osmolarity&of&plasma&is&higher&than&that&of&urine.& a) True& b) False& & If&the&urine&is¬&concentrated,&there&must&be&a&problem&with&-------------&or/and&-------functions& a) ADH& b) Kidney& c) Insulin&& d) Liver& & &

Renal&Function& Desmopressin&is&a&drug&that&is&used&as& a) ADH&analogue& b) Anticoagulant& c) Antidepressant& d) Diuretic&hormone&analogue& & Desmopressin&could&be&used&in&case&of&low&urine&osmolality.& a) True& b) False& & If&there&is&a&problem&with&the&GFR,&then&we&expect:&low&urine&volume&and&accumulation&of& waste&products.& a) True& b) False& & Low&GFR,&means&-------&urine&volume&and&------&waste&products.& a) Low& b) High& & Symptoms:&accumulation&of&urea&and&ammonia&in&the&blood&system&can&cause&comma.& a) True& b) False& & A&decrease&in&the&intravascular&volume&is&probably&due&to& a) Pre-renal& b) Renal& c) Post-renal& & Acute&tubular&necrosis&is&probably&due&to& a) Pre-renal& b) Renal& c) Post-renal& & Ureteral&obstruction&is&probably&due&to& a) Pre-renal& b) Renal& c) Post-renal&problem& & BUN&test&is&a&measure&of&the&amount&of&nitrogen&in&the&blood&in&the&form&of&urea,&and&a& measurement&of&renal&function.& a) True&& b) False& & & & & &

Renal&Function& BUN&test&is&a&measure&of&the&amount&of&-----------in&the&blood&in&the&form&of&urea,&and&a& measurement&of&renal&function.& a) Ammonia& b) Albumin& c) Oxygen& d) Nitrogen& e) Urine& & [BUN]&:&[creatinine]&ratio&is&the&same&and&both&are&high&in&concentration,&then&it&is&a&-------(they&don’t&get&excreted&in&urine).& a) Pre-renal&problem& b) Renal&disorder&& & Hematuria&is&when&you&have&blood&in&urine.& a) True& b) False& & Which&of&the&following&is&an&indication&of&pre-renal&uremia:& a) BUN:Cr&>&20& b) BUN:Cr&&15& & Low&blood&flow&to&the&kidney&can&cause&uremia,&which&leads&to&increase&urine&in&blood.& a) True& b) False& & -----blood&flow&to&the&kidney&can&cause&uremia,&which&leads&to&-----urine&in&blood.& a) Low& b) Increase&& & Hematuria&is&when&you&have&----in&---,&whereas&uremia&is&when&you&have&---in&-----& a) Urine& b) Blood& & Oliguria:&Abnormally&low&urine&volume&...