Biology midterm for 2021 spring answers PDF

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Biology Midterm in Biology 210B. From the online class all answers and questions are given. Great to study since the test in class are usually questions one doesn't study...

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Laura Anderson BIO 211 70406 Dillard October 20, 2020 Mid Term Questions and Answers Question 1 DNA is made up of the five simple sugars- A, G, C, T & U. True False Qusetion 2 What carries the codon, mRNA? True False Question 3 In Mitosis results in daughter cells with 1/2number of chromosomes from their parent cells. True False Question 4 A change in the DNA nucleotide sequence, known as a mutation, may be beneficial to offspring by producing variation in a population. True False Question 5 All living systems are dependent upon sunlight, directly or indirectly, for their energy needs. True False Question6 The source of the fluoresced light in the chlorophyll sample was from excited electrons that fall back to the resting state and release red colored light. True False Question 7 RNA is the blueprint for DNA and DNA produces amino acids. Therefore, DNA is directly responsible for the order of amino acids in protein synthesis. True False Question 8 Photosynthesis occurs within the mitochondrion in the absence of light. Group of answer choices True False Question 9 A chromatid: is composed of amino acids

becomes a centromere during anaphase is half of a chromosome “X” at prophase and metaphaseue is a long chromosome is a short chromosome Question 10 The scientists credited with the discovery of the structure of DNA are: Group of answer choices Paulding and Franklin Chargaff and Miyazaki Schicker and O’Neill Watson and Crick Holmes and Watson Question 11 Which one of the following is NOT true about meiosis? All cells undergo meiosis at some point during their development. Homologous chromosomes pair during the process. The cells produced can be genetically different from each other. Chromosomes can exchange pieces during crossover. All of the answers are true. Question 12 The nucleotide strand attached directly to an amino acid and brings it into place during protein synthesis is ______. This molecule also carries the anticodon. tRNA DNA None of these answers are true mRNA Question 13 Human chromosomes are: have their DNA doubled during interphase All of the answers are true found in most human cells except RBC’s like “X’s” during prophase held together, at times, by centromeres

Question 14 The instrument used to show the wavelengths (colors of light) is called a/an: microscope oscilloscope spectroscope kaleidoscope spirometer Question 192 pts The “t” in tRNA stands for:

transverse tessellated terminal transitional transfer Question15 In living things RNA is __________ stranded, and DNA is __________ stranded. Group of answer choices single, single single, double mono y mono double, double double, single Question 16 In mitosis, the chromatids are held together and the chromosomes line up on the middle during: prophase metaphase interphase telophase anaphase Question 17 The specimen we used to count cells that were in the process of mitosis was: Allium Lilium Elodea African daisy cheek cells Question 18 Which of these is in the correct order? prophase, interphase, metaphase, anaphase metaphase, interphase, prophase, anaphase, telophase prophase, metaphase, anaphase, interphase, telophase telophase, prophase, anaphase, metaphase interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase Question 19 As work is performed within a ‘closed system’ the energy within it becomes less useful. The system becomes less organized. Which of the following best describes this? Group of answer choices None of the answers is correct energy has been lost from the system entropy of the system has decreased entropy of the system has increased matter has been lost from the system Question 20 An easy test for starch in leaves and tubers such as a potato, because it turns dark, is: iodine

clinatab tablet sodium chloride blood glucose solution Question 21 Which of the following is true about cellular respiration: oxygen is produced the chloroplast gains energy from light glucose & oxygen are end products water is split to form oxygen enzymes are important Question 22 Which of the following may be caused by mass destruction of tropical forests and phytoplankton in the oceans? Oxygen levels in the atmosphere may fall. All of these are true Carbon dioxide may increase. Climate change Ice caps melting Question 23 Carbon dioxide plus water yields oxygen plus glucose. This formula represents: the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics phosphorylation respiration photosynthesis None of these are correct Question 24 Which of these is the first step of photosynthesis? splitting of water light excites electrons in chlorophyll Carbon cycle formation of ADP formation of ATP Question 25 A by-product of animal fermentation, in the lack of oxygen, which signals muscle fatigue, is: ethyl alcohol lactic acid carbon dioxide All of these are correct pyruvic acid Question 26 During the Krebs cycle: Water is formed. Carbon dioxide, ATP and high energy electrons are produced. Oxygen is split.

Glucose and ATP is split. None of the answers is correct. Question 27 Where are most of the ATP's of cellular respiration made? Krebs cycle Electron Transport Chain (System) Stroma Photosynthesis Glycolysis Question 28 What molecules supply energy to the “carbon (Calvin) cycle” of photosynthesis? direct sunlight RuBP ATP energy derived from glucose PGAL ATP and NADPH derived from the light dependent reaction Question 29 Which of these has the longest wavelength? Violet Red Blue Green Question 30 During photosynthesis the source of oxygen atoms for making glucose is: H2O2 H2O O2 CO2 CH4 Question 31 If the master strand DNA code is GGT, the codon will be __________ and the anticodon will be __________. Group of answer choices CCA, GGT GGT, CCA CCA, GGU UUA, AAU CCT, GGT Question 32 Which scientist helped determine the structure of DNA but was not honored with a Nobel prize for that discovery? Kary Mullis James Watson Francis Crick Rosalind Franklin Maurice Wilkins

Question 33 Which of these are the 3 building blocks of a nucleotide? Glycerol, fatty acid and peptide Amino acid, HCL and CO2 Peptide, calcium ion and H2O Sugar, phosphate and nitrogen base DNA, RNA and protein Question 34 Fermentation in microbes often results in the production of: Amino Acids Alcohol Lactic Acid Glucose ADP Question 35 Which of the following gases is increasing due to the cutting down of forests and pollution of the oceans and the burning of fossil fuels? Nitrogen O2 CO2 Helium Question 36 Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis. Include the following: Number of cell divisions. Number of cells produced. Where does each occur? What is the resulting amount of chromosomal material? Can resulting cells undergo further divisions? Major stage Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain

Input Glucose Acetyl CoA, NAD+, FAD+ O2, NADH

Output Pyruvate, ATP CO2, ATP, NADH, FADH2 ATP, H2O

Question 37 Describe the structure and function of each of the following: A. Chromosome B. Homologous chromosomes C. Chromatid During which stage of cell division does a chromatid become a chromosome?

1.) A chromosome is an individual unit of DNA that contains some of the genetic material of a cell. Contains the organism’s genome, depending on the organism, it will have a different number of chromosomes. It a very long continuous piece of DN, plus attached proteins. The human genome is made of 23 pairs of chromosomes. During mitosis, it consists of sister chromatids. during prophase of Meiosis chromosomes thicken and become visible.

2.) Homologous chromosomes: means same. They are those chromosomes with similar genetic material that encode for the same genes in an organism. A chromosomal pair. Contain information for the same biological features. Same size and function (eye color, hair color, etc.). but thy contain different genetic info, one chromosome from each. 3.) A chromatid is one piece of identical DNA strands making up the chromosomes. Joined together at the ceterone, for the process of mitosis or meiosis. 4.)During which stage of cell division does a chromatid become a chromosome? ANAPHASE...