BIOM3005 Online EXAM 13 May 2021 BB PDF

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exam paper with current questions not much left to say...

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Sheet 1 of 8 Module Code: BIOM3005

EXAMINATION PAPER FOR COMPLETION ONLINE Session: Faculty of: Programme / Course:

BSc (Hons) Biomedical Science

Level: Subject / Module Title:

BIOM3005 – Medical Microbiology

Date

Thursday 13th May 2021

Duration

Three hours The examination window is from 8am-6pm UK time For the duration of the examination see ‘duration’. Your time starts when you begin the examination. You are reminded that the examination must be completed and submitted by 6pm UK time.

Statement of Own Work By submitting your examination answer, you are confirming that your effort is an individual effort, entirely your own work and that you have not engaged in bad academic practice and/or an academic offence. All students should note that any examination is liable to be subject to similarity testing, which may include being run through Turnitin software. Student Guidance on Taking Remote Examinations Students are reminded that guidance on taking online examinations is available on the Examinations web page.

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Sheet 2 of 8 Module Code: BIOM3005 Examination Rubric: Instructions to and information for candidates

SECTION A – Multiple choice questions (MCQs) The MCQs are set up separately in Blackboard. Please ensure that you complete the MCQs in addition to this exam paper. The MCQs are timed separately from this paper but must still be completed before the end of the examination window at 6pm UK time. SECTION B – Short answer questions Answer two questions from a choice of six in this section. This section is worth 25 marks. SECTION C – Long answer questions Answer two questions from a choice of six in this section. This section is worth 50 marks. Please turn over for instructions and guidance about completing and submitting this exam paper online.

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Sheet 3 of 8 Module Code: BIOM3005 Instructions and guidance For this exam, you should firstly download and save this word document onto your computer. Before you answer the exam questions, you MUST rename and save your file with your P number and module code, e.g. “P12345678 BIOM3005.docx”. You do not need to include your name as we are marking these exams anonymously as usual. If you need to change the background colour of this document for ease of reading then you may do so. You may include diagrams if you wish, but ensure that you have generated these yourself. You can hand-draw diagrams and insert photographs at the relevant point in your answers, or you may use a computer programme to draw diagrams. The whole diagram must be fully original. We recommend that you save your work regularly. When you are ready, click ‘Begin’. From this point, you will have the number of hours stated on the first page next to ‘Duration’ to upload your completed exam paper via the ‘Browse My Computer’ button. You MUST ensure that you upload your completed exam paper before the time runs out, and before the end of the exam window at 6pm UK time. All text should be typed and submitted as a Word or PDF document where they will be checked for similarity. Handwritten text will NOT be accepted. Please note, as this is an exam, you can ONLY upload your answers ONCE to Blackboard, i.e. you CANNOT resubmit multiple times up until the deadline. You should only upload ONE file. By submitting your completed exam paper, you are confirming that your effort is an individual effort, entirely your own work. Please ensure that you have read and understood the guidance notes in the module folder on Blackboard. Write your P number in the box below: Student P number:

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Sheet 4 of 8 Module Code: BIOM3005 EXAM PAPER STARTS HERE

SECTION B – Short answer questions Answer TWO questions from this section. This section is worth 25 marks in total. 1. Providing details of two enumeration methods, briefly outline how a fluid sampling investigation is conducted as part of infection and prevention control measures. State the types of fluids sampled in the investigation. (12.5 marks)

2. A 24-year-old female attends a Genito-Urinary Medicine (GUM) clinic with symptoms of itchiness, vaginal discharge and discomfort on urination. An endocervical swab sample is collected from the patient. Initial microscopy of the sample demonstrates the presence of a flagellated protozoan. a) Briefly discuss how you would proceed with the sample to confirm the identity of the protozoan, using microscopy, to provide a rapid result whilst the patient is at the GUM clinic. (4 marks) b) State the antibiotic treatment for this infection and briefly outline the mode of action of the chosen antibiotic. (4.5 marks) c) Consider which factors may affect the detection of this protozoan if the sample had been collected at a GP surgery for detection. (4 marks) (12.5 marks)

3. Answer both parts of the question: a) Briefly describe TWO diagnostic methods for the detection of Cryptosporidium in faecal specimens and ONE advantage and disadvantage of each method. (8.5 marks) b) How is the infection transmitted? (4 marks) (12.5 marks)

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Sheet 5 of 8 Module Code: BIOM3005 4. A 5-year-old male presents with a red, painful and inflamed cut on the hand. A skin swab is taken from exudate in the inflamed area and sent to the laboratory for microscopy and culture. The swab is inoculated onto blood agar and MacConkey agar. A Gram stain performed on bacteria growing on the agar demonstrated the presence of Gram-positive cocci. Briefly outline the use of the catalase test to differentiate whether the bacteria growing on the blood agar are staphylococci or streptococci. (12.5 marks)

5. A 71-year-old female presented at A&E feeling very poorly after several episodes of diarrhoea and vomiting over a 2-day period. Her temperature was 39.1°C and she had abdominal pain and distension. She had recently been discharged from hospital for treatment of a grade II glioblastoma during which she received prophylactic perioperative cephazolin. Name the most likely causative organism of the woman’s diarrhoea (1.5 marks), and describe three laboratory tests (in detail) that would confirm your suspected diagnosis (11 marks). (12.5 marks)

6. Answer both parts of the question: a) Outline the life cycle of Naegleria fowleri (3.5 marks) and Balamuthia mandrillaris. (3.5 marks). b) Briefly discuss different traditional and novel ways for diagnosis of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in humans. (5.5 marks) (12.5 marks)

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Sheet 6 of 8 Module Code: BIOM3005

Section C – Long Answer Questions Answer TWO questions from this section. This section is worth 50 marks in total. 1. A 3-year-old female is brought into A&E because she has been very fatigued and been producing low volumes of dark urine since the previous day. Her parents explain that the child had also been experiencing abdominal pain, fever, and bloody diarrhoea for about a week. This began the day after the family came back from a weekend away where they swam, had a barbeque (which included beef burgers), and went hiking. The physical examination shows pallor, scleral icterus, and petechiae. Laboratory results are collected and shown below: Test Haemoglobin (g/dL) Leucocyte count (x 109/L) Platelet count (x 109/L) Reticulocyte count (%) Creatinine (mg/dL)

Patient result 6.1 17 50 13 1.9

Reference range 13.5-17.5 4-11 150-400 0.5-2.5 0.5 to 1.0

a) Based on the patient’s history, physical examination, and the supplied laboratory tests, state the most likely diagnosis/es for this patient. (1 mark) b) Explain how you came to this conclusion. Provide FOUR (4) reasons. Justify each reason in terms of the relevance/significance to this particular disease. (8 marks) c) What is the most common infectious agent consistent with the diagnosis and this clinical picture? (1 mark) d) Discuss the diagnostic procedure that would confirm the aetiology of the diagnosis, i.e. the causative organism, and give the expected results. (15 marks) Include the following in your answer:  Specimen type  Specimen handling  Specific agar culture media  Other tests that could aid in presumptive diagnosis  Reference laboratory confirmatory tests (Total 25 marks)

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Sheet 7 of 8 Module Code: BIOM3005 2. Answer both parts of the question: a) Discuss control and prevention measures to avoid becoming infected by Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever virus. (16 marks) b) Briefly explain potential treatment strategies. (9 marks) (Total 25 marks)

3. An 84-year-old female residing in a Care Home presents with clinical symptoms of confusion and painful micturition. Previous clinical history indicates that the patient has previously had recurrent Escherichia coli urinary tract infections. A sample of urine is obtained and sent to the Microbiology laboratory for analysis. In your answer include the following information: a) Briefly comment on the preferred type of urine sample required for investigation of a urinary tract infection with a critical consideration of the factors that may affect the final result. (6 marks) b) Explain how the use of selective agar or use of an automated platform may be used to confirm identification of Escherichia coli. (6 marks) c) Critically discuss the confirmatory tests or algorithm that is/are used in a clinical laboratory to identify a pathogen, such as Escherichia coli, to species level. (13 marks) (Total 25 marks)

4. Diagnosis of tuberculosis can be complicated and requires multi-level investigations. Critically discuss the various diagnostic techniques and tools currently available and comment on their performance and suitability in different resource settings. (Total 25 marks)

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Sheet 8 of 8 Module Code: BIOM3005 5. A 24-year-old woman presented with dysuria and vaginal discharge. A Gram stain of the vaginal discharge showed intracellular Gram-negative diplococci. Identify this disease, with particular reference to the following:     

The name of the disease Causative agent Clinical symptoms Pathophysiology Laboratory diagnosis (Total 25 marks)

6. Answer both parts of the question: a) In a diagnostic laboratory, multiplex PCR is used to identify the antibiotic resistant categories of microorganisms that cause common infections. Explain the principle behind the multiplex PCR methodology used for determining the antibiotic resistance targets. (10 marks) b) Discuss how the multiplex PCR is used to determine the antibiotic resistance targets of the UTI pathogens. (15 marks) (Total 25 marks)

END OF EXAM PAPER Please remember to rename the file with your P number and module code, e.g. “P12345678 BIOM3005.docx”. You do not need to include your name as we are marking these exams anonymously as usual.

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