BIT 2214 Assignment V - Questions and answers for Object Oriented System analysis and design PDF

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Questions and answers for Object Oriented System analysis and design...

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BIT-D1-0242 BIT 2214 Assignment V a) Using diagrams, explain the following concepts as applied in Object Oriented Analysis and Design. (5 Marks) i.

Object – Is a real life representation of a class. For example, class ‘Fruit’ could have a real life object ‘Apple’ ii.

Class – class is a blue print used to create objects. Once a class is created, any objects that belong to that class can be created

iii.

Polymorphism – Is the ability of a programming language to process objects differently depending on their datatype or class

iv.

Encapsulation and Information hiding – Encapsulation is wrapping up similar data and methods into a single unit and information hiding is a concept that can be used to hide data from external world

v.

Abstraction – is hiding the implementation details by providing a layer over the basic functionality. For example in interface we provide only method declaration and not method body

b) Object-orientation is a software engineering concept, in which concepts are represented as objects. Explain the benefits that come with it.

(5 Marks)



Code reuse – Objects can easily be reused in other programs



Easy software maintenance – Due to its modular nature, object oriented programs are easier to modify and maintain



It’s not necessary for a programmer to have knowledge of code implementation in order to reuse it



Design benefits – OOP force designers to go through an extensive planning phase which makes for better designs with less flaws.



Object oriented programming provides the ability to hide parts of an object from programmers therefore preventing programmers from interfering with values they shouldn’t.

c) Discuss the major differences between object oriented development and structured approach. (5 Marks) 

Structured programming design focuses on process while object oriented design is focused on data



Structured programming is less secure as there is no way of hiding data while OOP is more secure since it has data hiding capabilities



Structured programming provides less reusability while OOP provides more code reusability

d) Explain five UML diagrams. i.

(5 Marks)

Use case diagram – describes a set of actions that an actor or actors can perform in a system

ii.

Activity diagram – Shows sequences and conditions for coordinating lower level behaviors.

iii.

State machine diagram – used for modeling discrete behavior through finite state transitions.

iv.

Information flow diagram – Shows exchange of information between system entities at some high levels of abstraction.

v.

Package diagram – Shows packages and relationships between the packages...