Blood and immune system worksheet Answers PDF

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Study worksheet answers for blood & Immune system...

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1

Blood and Immunity Short answer questions

In the table below, for each group, indicate whether all the items correctly belong to the group by answering correct OR incorrect in the column provided. If you answer incorrect, you have to indicate the incorrect member of the group to be awarded a mark for that answer. For example see group 0 in the table below. Correctly indicating group as correct: 1 mark Correctly indicating group as incorrect and the incorrect group member as well: 2 marks Correctly indicating group as incorrect but not the incorrect group member: 0 mark

Group

Correct OR Incorrect

0

Incorrect

Organ systems: skeletal; cardiovascular; nervous; lung

Correct

Blood cells: Leukocytes, red blood cells, neutrophils

Correct

Plasma proteins: Fibrinogen, albumin, globulin

Correct

Blood disorders: Anaemia, thrombocytopenia, leukemia, polycythemia Cells of the innate immune system: Neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils, T cells

1 2 3 Incorrect 4 Incorrect 5

Blood group types: Type A, type O, type B, type C

Correct

Clinical signs of inflammation: Redness, heat, pain, swelling

Incorrect

Antigen presenting cells: Macrophages, B cells, dendritic cells, T cells

6 7

Group details

Incorrect group member lung

T cells Type C

T cells

Correct

Classes of antibody: IgA, IgM, IgG, IgE

Incorrect

Types of T cell: Cytotoxic, T helper, T regulatory, T adaptive Types of passive immunity: Transfer of gamma globulins, breastfeeding, vaccination Characteristics/properties of RBC’s: They have no nucleus; They are packed with mitochondria; can survive for up to 120 days; contain haemoglobin

8 9 Incorrect 10 Incorrect 11

Incorrect 12 Incorrect 13 Incorrect 14 Incorrect 15 Incorrect 16

Chemicals, cells and processes involved in inflammation: Mast cells; Histamine; Vasoconstriction; Basophil Cells of the adaptive immune system: T cells, B cells, T helper cells, neutrophils Platelets & platelet formation: Megakaryocyte; Myeloid stem cell; Haematopoiesis; Lymphocyte Cells of the innate immune system: Macrophages; dendritic cells; Complement; NK cells Phagocytes: Macrophages, T cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils

Adaptive

Vaccination

They are packed with mitochondria

Vasoconstriction

neutrophils

Lymphocyte

Complement

T cells

Processes and order questions Question 2. Arrange the order of events (1=first event, 4 ,5 or 6=last event, depending on how many events). Starting from the 1 st event, for each correct answer in the sequence you are allocated 1 mark. After the first incorrect event in the order, you will not receive marks for further answers, whether correct or incorrect.

Order 1 7 3 5 6 4 2

Physiological event A Pathogen is encountered for the first time Pathogen is destroyed by immune cells Antigen is presented to B cell and bind to its receptor Antibodies are produced over 3-6 days as part of the primary immune response Antibodies bind to pathogen and opsonize it. Clonal selection occurs- Plasma cells and Memory cells formed Innate immune system responds and pathogen is phagocytosed

Order 1 5 2 3 6 4

Physiological event Hypoxia due to prolonged exposure to high altitude Enhanced erythropoiesis increases RBC count Low oxygen levels sensed by cells in the kidney Kidney releases erythropoietin Oxygen carrying ability of blood increases Red bone marrow stimulated to make more erythrocytes

Order 1 4 7 3 2 6 5

Physiological event Damage occurs to a blood vessel due to trauma Platelets release chemicals that make nearby platelets sticky & Platelet plug forms Fibrin forms a mesh that traps RBC’s and platelets forming a clot Injury to blood vessel lining exposes collagen fibres; platelets adhere Vascular spasms occur Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin Coagulation begins: Clotting factors interact with Ca2+ to form thrombin.

Order 1 3 2 7 5 4 6

Physiological event Damage to dermis due to stepping on a nail Neutrophils sense the chemical signal, exit bone marrow and enter blood vessels Damaged cells release inflammatory chemicals Neutrophils phagocytose pathogen Neutrophils arrive close to the site of damage & exit the vessel via Diapedesis Neutrophils migrate through blood vessels following the chemical signal Neutrophils move to site of damage via positive chemotaxis

Order 1 2 4 5 3

Physiological event Phagocyte adheres to pathogens Phagocyte engulfs particle, forming a phagosome Lysosomal enzymes digest pathogens or debris, leaving a residual body Exocytosis of vesicle Lysosome fuses with phagocytic vesicle, forming a phagolysosome

3. Please complete this section by writing the correct answer in the Answer column. Each answer is worth 1 mark. Definitions

ANSWER

1

Type _____ blood can only receive blood from Type A and Type O donors.

Type A

2

The type of T cell responsible for immunity against viral & intracellular pathogens

Cytotoxic T cell

3

The type of T cell responsible for suppression of the immune response

T regulatory T cell

4

Type of innate immune cell responsible for parasitic immunity

Eosinophil

5

Immunoglobulin responsible for mucosal immunity

IgA

6

Vaccination elicits the _______ immune response

Primary

7

Type of adaptive immune cell that produces antibodies

B cell

8

The layer of white blood cells in a tube of spun whole blood at the junction between erythrocytes and the plasma.

Buffy Coat

9

Disorder of excessive production of red blood cells

Polycythemia

10

Name for bone marrow cancer

Leukemia

11

Type of innate immune cell that releases histamine

Mast cell/basophil

12

Type of MHC found on all nucleated cells

MHC I

13

Chemicals released by leukocytes to cause fever

Pyrogen

14

Process of blood cell formation that occurs in bone marrow

Haematopoiesis

15

White blood cells whose granules stain deep blue with basic dye; have a relatively pale nucleus and granular-appearing cytoplasm. The blood cell fragment responsible for blood clotting

Basophil

16

Platelet

17

The collective name for diseases that attack self-antigens is__________

Autoimmune disease

18

The term for the proportion of erythrocytes in blood volume is _________

Haematocrit

19

The term for a blood disorder in which there is reduced oxygen carrying capacity of blood caused by a decrease in erythrocyte number or decreased percentage of haemoglobin in blood is______ Abnormally large number of erythrocytes in the blood

Anaemia

20

Polycythemia

21

A fixed clot that develops and persists in an unbroken blood vessel.

Thrombus

22

Type_____blood type is a universal donor

O-

23

______ disease occurs when the immune system attacks self molecules

Autoimmune

24

Weakened or killed antigen injected into a person for the purpose of stimulating a

Vaccine

25

primary immune response; conveys artificial active immunity Type of innate immune cell involved in viral immunity

NK cell

26

The first leukocyte at the site of infection

Neutrophil

27

Pus is formed by dead ______ and debris

WBC/Neutrophils/Leukocytes

28

The chemical released by leukocytes to increase body temperature

Pyrogens

29

The four cardinal signs of inflammation are heat, pain, redness and _______

Swelling

30

Antimicrobial proteins produced by virusinfected cells to stimulate neighboring cells to produce antiviral proteins that either block binding or block replication of the virus.

Interferons...