Blood - Chapter 10 - Sample Questions PDF

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Sample questions to practice from the blood chapter....

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BLOOD What are the components that make blood? 55% : plasma 45% : erythrocytes (red blood cells) 1% : "buffy coat" leukocytes (white blood cells) and platelets What is hematocrit? measure of total blood volume composed of RBCs What is plasma? transparent liquid composed of : water 90%, plasma proteins, nutrients, antibodies, wastes, minerals, hormones and gases What are erythrocytes? red blood cells whose main function is to attach to hemoglobin to transport oxygen to body cells; anucleate What are leukocytes? white blood cells; function to defend against foreign materials such as bacteria, viruses, etc. What are the two major groups of leukocytes? granulocytes and agranulocytes What are the three types of granulocytes? neutrophils: abundant; kills bacteria and fungus by phagocytosis; first to site infection eosinophils: numbers increase with parasitic worm infections basophils: rarest; contain histamine What are the two types of agranulocytes?

lymphocytes: B and T cells; major role body's immune response monocytes: change into macrophages; fight chronic infections and activate lymphocytes What are platelets? also called thrombocytes; function to aid in blood clotting to prevent hemorrhaging What is anemia? disease caused by inability of blood to carry sufficient oxygen to body cells What is leukopenia? an abnormally low white blood cell count What is leukocytosis? number of white blood cells increases tremendously What are the 3 stages of the blood clotting process? vascular spasm occurs: spasms cause narrow diameter of broken vessel to reduce blood loss platelet plug forms: platelets attract more platelets to form a plug at damaged site to continue to reduce blood loss coagulation event occurs: utilizes clotting factions calcium and potassium in a series of reactions; thrombin acts on fibrinogen to convert it to fibrin; fibrin forms the basis of the clot

What is type A blood? has A antigens on RBCs; anti-B antibodies in plasma; can receive A or O blood What is type B blood? B antigens on RBCs; anti-A antibodies in plasma; can receive B or O blood What is type AB blood? A and B antigens on RBCs; no antibodies in plasma; can receive A, B AB, and O blood; universal recipient

What is type O blood? no antigens on RBCs; anti-A + anti-B antibodies in plasma; can only receive O blood; universal donor What is agglutination? clumping of donated RBCs by recipient's antibodies...