Book Notes -14 - Summary A Different Mirror: a History of Multicultural America PDF

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Notes /questions/answers of important events and people and critical thinking for that specific chapter. ...

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Book Notes Chapter 14 1. Who are the main characters and why are they significant?  Franklin D. Roosevelt was the only president elected to the office four times, Roosevelt led the United States through two of the greatest crises of the 20th century: The Great Depression and World War II.  John Lesesne DeWitt was a general in the United States Army, best known for his vocal support of the internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II.  Delos Carleton Emmons was a Lieutenant General in the United States Army. Essentially a "desk general," he was the military governor of Hawaii in the aftermath of the Attack on Pearl Harbor and administered the replacement of normal U.S. banknotes with special war-emergency US banknotes in case the islands were invaded.  Francis Beverley Biddle was an American lawyer and judge who was Attorney General of the United States during World War II and who served as the primary American judge during the postwar Nuremberg trials.  Harry S. Truman was an American statesman who served as the 33rd President of the United States, taking the office upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt.  Henry Harley "Hap" Arnold was an American general officer holding the grades of General of the Army and General of the Air Force.  Adolf Hitler was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. Also caused millions of deaths against the Jews.  Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was an American politician, diplomat and activist. She was the longest-serving First Lady of the United States, having held the post from March 1933 to April 1945 during her husband President Franklin D. Roosevelt's four terms in office, and served as United States Delegate to the United Nations General Assembly from 1945 to 1952.  2. What are the significant events (cite dates, periods, locations)?  World War II also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries— including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries.  In the morning of December 7th, 1941, Pearl Harbor was attacked by a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service against the United States naval base at Hawaiian Territory. 21 ships were sunk, 164 planes destroyed, 1,178 soldiers and sailors were wounded, and 2,388 killed.

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On march 13, 1942, President Roosevelt, acting on the advice of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, approved a recommendation for the evacuation of 20,000 “dangerous” Japanese from Hawaii to the mainland. In September 1942, the Selective Service classified all young Japanese men as IV-C, enemy aliens In 1945, Japanese Americans assaulted on German Troops at Mount Nebbione. Executive Order 8802 was signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on June 25, 1941, to prohibit racial discrimination in the national defense industry. It was the first federal action, though not a law, to promote equal opportunity and prohibit employment discrimination in the United States. In the 1940’s for the first time Chinese were accepted by the Americans as being friends because at the time, Chinese and Americans were fighting against the Japanese and the Germans and the Nazi’s. In 1943, Congress began considering a bill to repeal the Chinese exclusion laws and allow a quota for Chinese immigration. In 1941, the number of Mexicans employed in the Los Angeles shipyards was zero; by 1944, it had jumped to seventeen thousand. In 1945, Roosevelt’s rescue through victory strategy came to a conclusion as allied military forces swept across Germany and liberated the prisoners of Hitler’s death camps. By then, six million Jews had been exterminated. In 1945, president Franklin D. Roosevelt suddenly died, and Vice President Harry S, Truman was sworn into office.

3. What important themes does Takaki focus on in this chapter?  A theme discussed in chapter 14 was it compared the disparate experience of different races during WWII. Obviously, the Japanese, the Native Americans, and the European and German Jews were hit the worst. For all the liberal acclaim that FDR receives due to the New Deal, Takaki weaves an interesting tale of the balancing act the president conducted with the different races. This point was mentioned by many different historical accounts throughout the chapter. JapaneseAmericans, African-Americans, Mexican-Americans, and Native-Americans, all willing to join their fellow Americans in the war, continually lamented unfavorable treatment in both the civilian and the military world. Segregation within the army, fighting against a dictator in the throes of exerting racial superiority is so bitterly ironic. The hypocrisy was not only blinding for those Americans that felt the consistent sting of segregation and mistreatment, but also to the rest of the world looking to America as a beacon of liberty for all its citizens. Of course, these men were forced to go back to the reservation with extreme post-traumatic stress disorder and subsist below the poverty line. But, for one moment the white man hailed the Native-Americans as heroes. 4. Identify the power takers in this chapter. By what means did these individuals or groups gain power?

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The power takers in this chapter were the Americans and the Nazi Germans. The Americans took away the rights of the Japanese Americans because Japanese forces attacked Pearl Harbor Naval Base in 1941 killing and wounding thousands. They were place into internment camps by the executive order of #9066. The camps were created because the United States was scared of connections Japanese Americans might have to the enemy. The Nazi Germans blamed the Jews because Hitler said they were the reason why they lost WW1. They had every right taken away they were not seen as humans and were placed into Nazi concentration camps where they were brutally beat and killed.

5. Identify the characters whose power was appropriated. What were the circumstances that lead to their oppression? How did these characters demonstrate resistance to their oppression?  The characters that had their powers appropriated were the Jews and the Japanese. What lead to that oppression was because in 1941 Japan forces attacked Pearl Harbor killing thousands and wounding thousands of soldiers and sailors. President Franklin D. Roosevelt authorized the use of relocation camps and removed Japanese residents away from the West coast by the executive order of #9066. The camps were created because the United States was scared of connections Japanese Americans might have to the enemy. The same happened to the Jewish because Hitler had risen to power and blamed the Jewish for losing WW1 and he wanted to exterminate the whole race. He locked them all up in Nazi Concentration Camps where they were kept through the duration of WW2, there they were beat and killed, sand starved to death. These two groups, the Jewish and the Japanese did not fight back against their oppressors because they had no power and could not do anything about it....