Book Notes -2 - Summary A Different Mirror: a History of Multicultural America PDF

Preview

Summary

Notes from chapter 2 from the book A Different Mirror: A History of Multicultural America. Details of important events and people from the chapter. ...

Description

Book Note Sheet Chapter # 2 1. Who are the main characters and why are they significant? • One of the characters is John Smith. He played an important part in the establishment of Jamestown in 1607, which was the first English settlement. He was also the leader of the Virginia Colony and was the first person to map the Chesapeake Bay. Sir Humphrey Gilbert, Sir Francis Drake, and Sir Walter Raleigh were men that participated in both the invasion of Ireland and the colonization of the New World. Another main character is Commander John Mason because he conducted military campaigns against the Irish before he sailed to new England, where he led troops against the Pequots of Connecticut. Captain William Tucker led his soldiers into a Powhatan village, presumably to negotiate a peace treaty.

2. What are the significant events (cite dates, periods, locations)? • In 1493, Columbus sent his men on a second voyage to the New World he discovered in 1492 to kidnap Indians and returned to Spain with 550 Indian Captives. • In 1608 an Indian declared that “we hear you coming from under the World to take our World from us”. A year later, Governor Thomas Gates arrived in Virginia with instructions that the Indians be forced to labor for the colonizers and make annual payments of corn and skins. The order was brutally taken into action. During one of the raids, the English soldiers attacked an Indian town, killing 15 people and forcing many others to flee. They burnt down their homes and their cornfields • In 1623, captain William Tucker led his troops to a Powhatan Village, to negotiate a peace treaty. After concluding the treaty, he persuaded the Indians to drink a toast, but he served them poisoned wine. An estimated of 200 Indians died instantly, and Tucker’s soldiers killed another 50 more and brought some parts of their heads. • During the Pequot war in 1637, it was fought by New England and the Pequot tribe and an alliance of the English colonists of the Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, and Saybrook colonies and their Native American allies. The war ended with the decisive defeat of the Pequot. At the end, about seven hundred Pequots had been killed or taken into captivity. Hundreds of prisoners were sold into slavery to the West Indies and other survivors were dispersed as captives to the victorious tribes. • During King Philip’s War in 1675-76, the Wampanoag leader Metacom, also known as King Philip, united several tribes in a widespread attack on the English settlements since war was rising because English settlers wanted to take over their lands.

3. What important themes does Takaki focus on in this chapter? • Important themes that Takaki focuses on in the chapter are that the English took over lands and controlled the lives of both the Irish and Indians through means of violence that left their populations in ruins near extinction. They felt it was a God given right because the other cultures

were so called “savages” therefore they deserved their properties. He also focused on how the English settlers and the Indian tribes went to war with each other plenty of time to gain more land. What Takaki really focuses on is how the settlers wanted the Indians of the New Land for they could settle and gain new grounds and without the Indians in their way, they weren’t going to be able to do anything.

3. Identify the power takers in this chapter. By what means did these individuals or groups gain power? • The power takers in this chapter were the colonizers. They were the power takers because their ambition was to take the whole land that Native Americans had. So, they destroyed native American’s that would stand in their way. What the gained was power and they would benefit from the that power and control.

4. Identify the characters whose power was appropriated. What were the circumstances that lead to their oppression? How did these characters demonstrate resistance to their oppression? • The characters that had their power appropriated were the natives and the Irish. The English men took away their land. For the natives they took their cornfields, their homes, and killed everyone in the tribes. The Irish were brought as captives to work as indentured servants. They all had powers taken away because the English men took it away from them. The natives would fight back to these settlers. For instance, like the Pequot war and King Philip’s war were two major battles that the natives and the settlers fought for land.

5. What terms did you not understand? List minimum TWO terms, the page you found it on, and its meaning. • Two words I didn’t know were Triumph which is found on page 43 and the next word is appropriation and it is found on page 46. Triumph means a great victory or achievement and appropriation means the action of taking something for one’s own use, typically without the owner’s consent....