Brain lab - lab PDF

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Name______________________________ Semester/year ________________ TA signature_________________________

Neuroanatomy Laboratory II: Brain and Brainstem Answer the following questions and locate the structures indicated on the accompanying diagrams and models/specimens provided in lab. (1)

Locate the cerebral hemispheres, brainstem, and cerebellum. Describe their general location and appearance. a. cerebral hemispheres-

b. brainstem-

c. cerebellum-

(2)

What is the difference between a gyrus and a sulcus?

Locate the central sulcus. What is located immediately anterior to it? What is posterior to it?

(3)

Locate the lateral fissure. What is located on either side of this fissure?

Look carefully within this fissure. What do you see?

(4) On the medial view of the brain locate the corpus collosum. What is it and what is its function?

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(5) Describe the location of each lobe of the cerebrum. and state the general function of each. Locate each lobe on the brain specimen and label them on the accompanying diagrams. Complete the diagram on Broca’s areas. a. Temporal-

b. Occipital-

c. Frontal-

d. Parietal-

(6)

Locate the brainstem on the lab specimen. Examine the model of the brainstem and locate each component and state the function of each. Label these structures on the accompanying diagram. a. Medulla oblongata-

b. Pons-

c. Midbrain-

(7) Locate the Diencephalon on the lab specimen and model. Label these on your diagram and state the function of each below. Thalamus Hypothalamus

(8) Identify the cerebellum. Where is it located and what is its function?

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Brain (Lateral View)

Brain (Medial View)

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KEY FOR LATERAL AND MEDIAL VIEWS OF THE BRAIN Locate and label the following:

Central Sulcus Cerebellum Corpus callosum Hypothalamus Lateral fissure Medulla oblongata Midbrain Parieto-occipital sulcus Pituitary gland Pons Postcentral gyrus (primary sensory area) Precentral gyrus (primary motor area) Spinal cord Thalamus

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AREAS OF ASSOCIATION OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX

22 2

AREA

LOCATION

FUNCTION

3,1,2

4

17, 18, 19

22

41, 42

44, 45

Blood Supply 5

Locate the large number of blood vessels that form the Circle of Willis on the inferior surface of the brain. What are the two major pairs of vessels that supply the brain and help form this circle? 1.)

2.) THE CIRCLE OF WILLIS Locate and label the following:

Basilar artery Internal carotid artery Vertebral artery

Posterior Cerebral Artery Middle Cerebral Artery Anterior Cerebral Artery

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Blood Supply continued Locate the middle cerebral artery on the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere in the lateral fissure. What region of the brain does it supply? Where is the anterior cerebral artery located? What region of the brain does it supply?

Note the posterior cerebral artery and the area that it supplies. Locate and label the following: Anterior cerebral artery Middle cerebral artery Posterior cerebral artery

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Drainage of venous Blood: Dural Folds and Dural Venous Sinuses Note the folds of dura mater that help to compartmentalize the brain. The dural venous sinuses are spaces between two layers of dura mater that are used to return the venous blood to the venous system. They empty into the internal jugular veins.

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Examine the diagrams of the dural venous sinuses. Explain their formation and the role they play in venous and CSF return. Note the superior sagittal sinus , internal jugular vein & arachnoid granulations.

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HOMUNCULI Much of the general sensory information and primary motor control is organized on the precentral and postcentral gyri and paracentral lobule according to specific body parts. For instance, the cell bodies that receive general sensory information from the right foot will be found in the paracentral lobule of the left cerebral hemisphere. If illustrations of these parts were drawn on the cortex that represents them, the result would be a homunculus. In these illustrations, the sensory homunculus is drawn on the coronal sectional of the postcentral gyrus; the motor homunculus is shown on the coronal section through the precentral gyrus. Note: The medial view of the brain (center, right) is needed to show the paracentral lobule, location of the sensory and motor functions of the leg and foot.

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FORMATION OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

Using the diagram of the cerebral ventricles, locate each of the components of the ventricular system. Trace the course of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the lateral ventricles to the subarachnoid space of the brain and spinal cord. 1. 2.

4.

5. 3. 6.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is formed by specialized capillaries called the ___________ ___________, which can be found at the superior aspect of the ventricles. A continuous supply of this fluid is formed each day to nourish and cushion neural tissue. It circulates within the _______________ space of the ____________ and ______________ _______________. It drains into the ________________________ and eventually the __________________ to reach the venous system. PATHWAY OF CSF THROUGH THE VENTRICULAR SYSTEM 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

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IDENTIFY SENSORY PATHWAY COMPONENTS FROM SKIN RECEPTER ORIGIN

1.SKIN RECEPTER

2. 3. ______________ or ______________ Rami 4. 5. dorsal ________ to dorsal __________ ______________ 6. dorsal column : _______________or _____________ 7. ___________________ at Medulla 8. 9. Cerebral Cortex: __________Central gyrus /Brodmann Area = ______ Lobe=________

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IDENTIFY MOTOR PATHWAY COMPONENTS FROM CEREBRAL CORTEX ORIGIN

1 ______ Central gyrus / ______Motor Neuron Brodmann Association Area= __________ Lobe =__________ 2. _______________ in Medulla 3. 4. Ventral ________ __________/ Lower ________ ___________ 5. 6. 7. ___________ or ____________ Ramus 8. 9.

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