Lab- Brain & Cranial nerves week12 PDF

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Anatomy & Physiology I The Brain & Cranial Nerves week 12 1. a) Identify the meningeal layers covering the brain. A Periosteal laer B Meningeal layer D arachniod E Pia mater

C

Dura mater

b) What is the difference between the layer of dura around the brain compared that around the spinal cord? In the carinal cavity, the dura consists of two layers the outer periosteal layer and the inner meningeal layer

2. Differentiate between a gyrus and a sulcus. The gyri are the folds the sulci are the shallow grooves 3. a) What is cerebrospinal fluid? is a clear, colorless liquid composed primarily of water that protects the brain and spinal cord from chemical and physical injuries. b) Where is CSF produced? It is produced by the ependymal cell lining the ventricles of the vain and by the choroid plexus

c) Where does CSF circulate? Circulates through cavities in the brain and spinal cord.

4. a) Identify the 4 major parts of the brain. Brain stem cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon

b) Name the 3 regions of the brain stem. Midbrain, pons, medulla oblonagata

c) Name the 3 major regions of the diencephalon. Thalamus hypothamus, epithalamus (pineal gland d) Name the 4 lobes of the brain found in each cerebral hemisphere Frontal (2) parietal (2) temporal (2) occipital (2)

Please give a brief description of the physiology for each structure. Cerebrum

Basal Nuclei

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Epithalamus

Midbrain

Pons

Medulla oblongata

Cerebellum

Limbic system

Reticular formation

5. a) Complete the following chart for the cranial nerves using very brief descriptions. Cranial Nerve

Name

Function

Olfactory

Sense of smell

Optic

Sense of vision

Oculomotor

Eye movement, opening eyelid

trochlear

Eye movement

trigeminal

Sensory to face motor for mastication (chewing) 3 branches largest CN

Abducens

Eye movement

Facial

Facial expression: sensory (taste) parasympathetic motor (tear, nasal and salivary glands

Vestibulocochlear

Sense of hearing and equilibrium

I

II

III

IV

V

VI

VII

VIII

IX

Glossopharyngeal Sensory tongue and pharynx taste, pain, swallowing thorax and abdomen, parasympathetic (heart, lungs abdominal vicera)

vagus

Sensory (taste) motor (swallowing) thorax and abdomen parasympathetic (heart, lungs, abdominal viscera)

Accessory

Supply larynx, pharynx and soft palate motor to trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

Hypopglossal

Tongue (movement for food mixing and speech)

X

XI

XII

b) Discuss how are the various nerve functions might be tested? (Note: We will test the cranial nerves associated with the special senses in another lab.)...