Gross Anatomy of the Brain and Cranial Nerves PDF

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In which of the cerebral lobes are the following functional areas found? auditory cortex

temporal

primary motor cortex

frontal

primary sensory cortex

parietal

olfactory cortex

temporal

visual cortex

occipital

brocas area

frontal

what structures are part of the brain stem?

pons, medulla, midbrain

a-----------is an elevated ridge of cerebral tissue.

gyrus

the convolusions seen in the cerebrum are important because they increase the

surface area

gray matter is composed of

neuron cell bodies

white matter is composed of

mylenated fibers

a fiber tract that provides for communication between different parts of the same cerebral hemisphere is called an

association tract

whereas one that carries impulses from the cerebrum to lower CNS areas is called a

projection tract

the lentiform nucleus along with the caudate nuclei are collectively called the

basil ganglia or corpus striatum

site of regulatin of body temp. and water balance;most important autonomic center

hypothalamus

consciousness depends on the function of this part small part of cerebral hemisphere of the brain located in the midbrain;contains reflex centers for vision and audition

corpora quadrigemina

responsible for regulation of posture and coordination of complex muscular movements

cerebellum

important synapse site for afferent fibers traveling thalamus to the sensory cortex contains autonomic centers regulating BP, HR, and Resp. rhythm, as well as coughing,sneezing, and medulla oblongata swallowing centers

large commissure connecting the cerebral hemispheres

corpus callosum

fiber tract involved with olfaction

fornix

connects the third and fourth ventricles

cerebral aqueduct

encloses the third ventricle

thalamus

what is the function of the basal ganglia?

involved in regulation, modulation and refinement of voluntary motor activity

the fibers of your internal capsule pass between the diancephalon and the basal what is the corpus striatum, and how is it related to ganglia that gives them a striped the fibers of the internal capsule? appearance b/c corpus striatum in latin means striped body a brain hemorrhage with the region of the right internal capsule results in paralysis of the left side of the body. explain why the left side (rather than the right side)is affected.

b/c most of your motor fibers cross over the medulla oblongata

explain why trauma to thte base of the brain is often much more dangerous than truama to the frontal lobe.

b/c the base of brain has the medulla oblongata and it contains vital resp, cardiac, and vaso motor centers; also area that maintains consciousness

in "split brain' experiments, the main commissure connecting the cerebral hemispheres is cut. what is corpus collosum; have diff. putting pic to words,they do not dream, speaking on right it? describe what results can be anticipated in such math on left cut off from each other. experiments. (in terms of behavior) outermost menix covering the brain; composed of tough fibrous connective tissue

dura mater

innermost menix covering the brain; delicate aknd pia mater highly vascular structures insrumental in returning cerebrospinal fluid to the venous blood in the dural sinuses

arachnoid villi

structure that forms the cerebrospinal fluid

coroid plexus

middle menix;like a cobweb in structure

arachnoid mater

its outer layer forms the periosteum of the skull

dura mater

a dural fold that attaches the cerebrum to the crista falx cerebri galli of the skull a dural fold separating the cerebrum from the cerebellum

tentorium cerebelli

Created by: gt

Meninges of the brain identify the meningeal structures described below Detailed Information: The Meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid. The meninges are three layers of protective tissue called the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater that surround the neuraxis. The meninges of the brain and spinal cord are continuous, being linked through the magnum foramen. dura mater outermost meninx covering the brain; composed of tough fibrous connective tissue; outer layer forms periosteum of skull pia mater innermost meninx covering of the brain; delicate and highly vascular arachnoid mater middle meninx; cobweb-like in structure; secures arachnoid to pia mater arachnoid villi structures instrumental in returning cerebrospinal fluid to venous blood in dural sinuses Embryologically, the brain arises from the rostral end of a tubelike structure that quickly becomes divided into three major regions. Groups of structures that develop from the embryonic brain are listed below. Designate the embryonic origin of each group as the hindbrain, midbrain, or forebrain. Forebrain: the anterior part of the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus. Forebrain Function: There are two major divisions of forebrain: the diencephalon and the telencephalon. The diencephalon contains structures such as the thalamus and hypothalamus which are responsible for such functions as motor control, relaying sensory information, and controlling autonomic functions. Midbrain: is the topmost part of the brainstem, the connection central between the brain and the spinal cord. There are three main parts of the midbrain - the colliculi, the tegmentum, and the cerebral peduncles. Midbrain Function: Midbrain, also called mesencephalon, region of the developing vertebrate brain that is composed of the tectum and tegmentum. The midbrain serves important functions in motor movement, particularly movements of the eye, and in auditory and visual processing.

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Hindbrain: the lower part of the brainstem, comprising the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata

Hindbrain Function: The hindbrain is composed of the medulla, the pons, and the cerebellum. The medulla lies next to the spinal cord and controls functions outside conscious control, such as breathing and blood flow. In other words, the medulla controls essential functions.

Cerebral spinal fluid flows from the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space surround the brain and spinal cord. From this space it drains through the arachnoid villi into the dural sinuses....