BSC 108 Week 1 Notes PDF

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BSC 108-903 Week 1 Module 1: Due Aug 23rd Biology: scientific study of life Levels of Biological Organization: (Smallest -> Largest) 1. Cells a. Lowest level of structure that performs all activities required for life b. Atoms make molecules. Molecules make cells c. Ex: Heart muscle cell 2. Tissues a. Composed of cells b. Ex: heart muscle tissue 3. Organs a. Composed of similar tissues b. Ex: Heart 4. Organ Systems a. Composed of organs b. Ex: Circulatory System 5. Organisms a. The whole being housing the organ system b. Ex: Zebra 6. Populations a. Comprised of many similar organisms b. Ex: Herd of Zebras 7. Communities a. All organisms in the surrounding area b. Ex: All organisms in savanna 8. Ecosystems a. The major area where multiple organisms and populations live b. Depends on cycling of nutrients and flow of energy c. Ex: African Savana 9. Biosphere a. Houses all ecosystems b. Ex: Earth Seven Basic Properties of Life 1. Order a. Is it complex? 2. Regulation a. Homeostasis -the process of keeping internal conditions such as temperature constant in an organism 3. Growth and development 4. Energy utilization a. Is there a form of metabolism? 5. Response to the environment

a. A response to stimuli? i. Response to heat or cold. 6. Reproduction 7. Evolution a. Are there mutations prevalent over generations? Prokaryotic Cell: -Simple -Small -No organelles Eukaryotic cell: -larger -more complex -organelles Ex: Plant & Animal cells Three Domains of Living Organisms: 1. Eukarya a. Contains eukaryotic cells b. Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protists 2. Archaea a. Prokaryotic b. Organisms similar to bacteria but typically found in extreme environments 3. Bacteria a. Prokaryotic b. Ex: Bacteria DNA Language -A -G -C -T Steps in Scientific Methods 1 Observation a. Observe a phenomena 2 Question a. Ask a question as to why? 3 Hypothesis a. A tentative answer to some question. Must be falsifiable. b. Ex: The flashlight is not working either because the bulb is out or the batteries are dead. 4 Prediction a. Make a prediction as to what the answer would be. b. Ex: It is predicted that the battery is dead, because the battery is old. 5 Test

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a. Using an experiment or observation to try out your prediction to validate or falsify it. b. Replace battery and try flashlight again. Conclusion a. Examine test results to determine whether the hypothesis was right or not. b. If the flashlight works then the hypothesis s verified, if not then it is falsified.

Theory v. Hypothesis -Theory: -is more broad in scope -only become widely accepted in science after extensive and verified evidence is collected -Hypothesis: -tentative answer to a question -it is an explanation on trial -yet to be widely accepted -more narrow Components of an Experiment: -Experimental group -Group that is manipulated by a variable -Control Group -does not have variable mixed in -further verifies that the results are caused by the independent variable -Independent Variable -The variable that is not effected, but does the “effecting” -Dependent Variable -The variable that is effected by another variable...