BUD Vocab #4 for quiz 2 - Jameson PDF

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BUD VOCAB 243254a nd260272 This is Bodhidharma, the first Patriarch of the Chan school. Why is he always depicted with bulging eyes? See if you can find the answer online - it's an interesting story! We'll be studying two more Chinese schools this week: the Meditation, or Chan School and the Pure Land School. All schools of Buddhism, but particularly the Chan and Pure Land, believed that their teachings were especially important because they lived in the Age of the Degenerate Dharma, the last of the three historical stages of the Buddha's teachings. (Remember this from last week?) The modern Chinese Buddhist experience encompasses all the schools we have been studying. While most monastics (monks and nuns) select one particular practice, lay people may combine several - in fact, may combine them with Daoist and Confucian practices as well. We have not yet discussed Confucian beliefs, and in fact we do not have time in this course to do more than summarize them. Confucianism is the oldest and most deeply entrenched belief system of China. It spread to Korea and Japan as well. The values of Confucianism include

   

the centrality of family, particularly the parent/child relationship the value of learning duty to put that learning into practice harmonious society

Confucians saw Buddhism as a foreign religion that threatened the fabric of society, especially in suggesting the renunciation of family and the practice of celibacy. Thus Confucians, who were the dominant force in the government, spoke out vociferously against the power and wealth of the Buddhist establishment. The Pure Land school is often contrasted with Chan. Why is this? Notice that Pure Land Buddhism began, not as a philosophical school but as practices that were common to a number of schools. This is true of Chan as well - remember what "Chan" means MEDITATION

Cha nSc ho ol**As pe c i a lt r a di t i ono ut s i det hes c r i pt ur e s ; Wi t hnode pe nde nc eupon wor d sa ndl e t t e r s . Adi r e c tpoi nt i n gi nt ot hemi n d; Se e i n gt he r eone ’ so wnna t ur e ,a nd a t t a i ni n gBuddha ho od. Bo dhi dha r ma -fir s tpa t r i a r c ho fCh a n

Bo dhi dha r mawa samo nkf r om I nd i awh oa r r i v e di ns out hCh i naa bout470a n dwho wa sf a mou sf orhi sme d i t a t i v epr o we s s . Ac c or di n gt ol e g e n d,i ti ss a i dt ha tt h ee mp e r or a s k e dBodhi dha r mah o wmu c hme r i thi sbu i l di n gofBu ddhi s tt e mp l e s , dona t i n gt ot he Sa n∙gha , a n dwor s hi poffe r i n g sha dbr o u ghth i m. Bodh i dha r mai ss a i dt oh a v e a ns we r e dt ha ta l lt he s ea c t sofpi e t yha dbr ou gh tt h ee mp e r ornome r i ta ta l l . Thepoi n t oft h i ss t or yi st ha ta c c o r di n gt oCha n, onl yt hedi r e c te xpe r i e nc eofo ne ’ sBuddh a na t ur ei st r u l yme r i t or i ous . bu ddha n a t ur e -Th us ,t hewhol epur po s eofCha ni st oe na bl eap e r s ont odi s c o v e rhi s orhe rBuddha na t ur et h r ou ght h epr a c t i c eofme di t a t i o n. Cha nna -Theor i g i na lChi ne s ewor df orme di t a t i oni sc ha nn a, ar e nde r i n goft he Sa ns kr i twor df orme d i t a t i on,dh y a ¯ na.La t e r ,c ha nna wa ss ho r t e ne dt o Cha n. Hui ne n g ,She nxi ua ndt hea wa k e ni n gpoe ms Ma z u Me di t a t i on-di s c o v e rBu ddha -n a t ur et hr ou ght hepr a c t i c eoft hi s pa t r i a r c ha n dl i ne a g e -Hi s t or i c a l l y , wekno wt ha toneoft h efir s tCha nma s t e r st og a i n awi def ol l o wi n gi nChi nawa sHon gr e n( 601– 674) ,ma s t e roft heEa s tMou nt a i n Sc ho ol . Ac c or di n gt ot hel e g e ndsa b outt hi ss c h ool ,Hon gr e nwa st heFi f t hPa t r i a r c hof Cha n, t heFi r s tPa t r i a r c hbe i n gBodhi dh a r ma . Ast i mewe nton ,t hi sl e g e nda r yl i neof t r a ns mi s s i onwa sa c c e pt e da st hef oundi n gl i ne a g eoft heCha nSc hoo lofBu ddhi s m. I nt hef u l l yde v e l ope dl e g e nd, t heCha nl i ne a g ewa st r a c e dba c kf r omBodh i dha r mat o t hehi s t o r i c a lBuddhahi ms e l f .I nt hi se xt e nde dl i neo ft r a ns mi s s i o n,Bo dhi dha r ma wa ss a i dt obet heTwe nt y Ei ght hPa t r i a r c hi nI ndi a , a ndt heFi r s tPa t r i a r c hi nCh i na . Hui ne n gi st he6thpa t r i a r c hofc h a n-o neoft hegr e a t e s rc h a nfig ur e si nc hi ne a s e hi s t o r ybe c a us eofh i sSUTRA Pu r eLa ndSc h ool -Pu r eLa ndBu ddhi s mba s e si t st e a c h i n g sa ndpr a c t i c e sont he La ndofBl i s sSu¯ t r a sc o mp os e di nI ndi a . Aswes a wi nCha p t e r4, i nt h os es u¯ t r a s i ti ss a i dt ha tDha r ma ¯ ka r aBodhi s a t t v at r a v e r s e dt heTe nSt a g e soft heb odhi s a t t v a ’ s Gr e a tJ our n e yt obe c omeAmi t a ¯ bhaBu ddha( Chi ne s e :Ami kt uof o;J a pa ne s e :Ami da But s u) . I ndoi n gs o ,Ami t a ¯ bhaf u l fil l e dc e r t a i nv o wsa ndg a i ne dt hep o we rne c e s s a r y t oc r e a t eaBu ddhar e a l mr e f e r r e dt oi nChi naa st hePur eLa nd. Thr ou ght he r e a l i z a t i onofhi sv o ws , Ami t a ¯ bhaa l s og a i ne dt hepo we rt oe na b l epe opl et obebor n i nhi sPur eLa nd, whe r et he yc a ng a i nAwa k e n i n gmuc hmo r ee a s i l yt ha ni nt hehuma n

r e a l m. Pu r eLa ndBu ddhi s ms t r e s s e sf a i t hi nt h i spo we ro fAmi t a ¯ bhat os a v e hu ma nki ndf r om r e b i r t hi nt ot her e a l mso fi gnor a nc ea nds uffe r i n gb ybr i n gi n gt hos e whoc a l lonhi mt ohi sPu r eLa nd. Ami t a bha -i ti ss a i dt ha tDha r ma ¯ ka r aBodhi s a t t v at r a v e r s e dt heTe nSt a g e soft he bo dhi s a t t v a ’ sGr e a tJ ou r ne yt obe c omeAmi t a ¯ b haBuddha( Chi ne s e :Ami kt uof o; J a pa ne s e :Ami daBut s u) . I nd oi n gs o ,Ami t a ¯ bhaf ul fil l e dc e r t a i nv o wsa n dg a i ne dt h e po we rne c e s s a r yt oc r e a t eaBudd har e a l mr e f e r r e dt oi nChi naa st hePu r eLa nd . Thr ou ght her e a l i z a t i ono fh i sv o ws , Ami t a ¯ bhaa l s og a i ne dt hepo we rt oe na bl epe opl e t ob ebor ni nhi sPu r eLa nd, whe r et he yc a ng a i nAwa k e ni n gmuc hmo r ee a s i l yt ha ni n t hehu ma nr e a l m. Pur eLa n dBudd hi s ms t r e s s e sf a i t hi nt hi sp o we rofAmi t a ¯ b hat o s a v ehuma n ki ndf r om r e b i r t hi nt ot h er e a l msofi gnor a nc ea nds uffe r i n gb ybr i n gi n g t hos ewhoc a l lonhi mt ohi sPu r eLa nd.

n a moa mi t u of u -“Namo Amitabha Buddha” (meaning homage to the Amitabha Buddha, and the name “Amitabha” means boundless light and infinite life), “Amitabha Buddha,” or simply, but with equal reverence, “Amitabha.”

Recitation is one of the central practices of Pure Land Buddhism. It involves the concentrated and heartfelt repetitive recitation of “Namo Amitabha Buddha” (Homage to the Buddha of Boundless Compassion and Wisdom). In Chinese this phrase is “Namo Omito-Fo” or “Namo Amituofo”, in Japanese, “Namu Amida Butsu.”

Asaf oot no t et ot hi spa r a bl e ,i ts hou l dbes a i dt ha ti nPu r eLa ndp i e t y , r e c i t i n g r e c i t i n g“ Na moAmi t u of o( “ Pr a i s et oAmi t a ¯ bhaBuddha ” )wi t ht hes i nc e r i t yofa de e pf a i t h, a t t e nt i on, a nds e r i ou s n e s sbr i n g st he“ i nfini t el i ght ”ofAmi t a ¯ bhaBud dha i nt ot hemi n da ndhe a r toft hep r a c t i t i one ri nt hi swor l d . Pa r a b l eoft heWhi t ePa t h-pu r el a nds pi r i t u a l i t y

Th a ti st hep a r a b l ea n dt h i si st h eme a n i n go fi t :wh a twes p e a ko fa st h e " e a s tb a nk "i sc o mp a r a b l et ot hi swo r l d, ah o u s ei nfla me s .Wh a twe s p e a ko fa st h e" we s tb a n k "i ss y mbo l i co ft h ep r e c i o u sl a n do fh i g he s t b l i s s . Th er u ffia ns ,wi l db e a s t s ,a nds e e mi n gf r i e n d sa r ec o mp a r a b l et o t h eSi xSe ns eOr g a n s ,Si xCo n s c i o u s n e s s e s ,Si xDu s t s , Fi v e Co mp o ne n t s ,a ndFo u rEl e me nt s[ t h a tc o n s t i t ut et h e" s e l f " ] . Th el on e l ywa s t e l a n di st h ef o l l o wi n gofba dc o mp a n i o nsa n dn o t

me e t i n gwi t ht h o s ewh oa r et r u l yg o o da n dwi s e .Th et wor i v e r so ffir e a ndwa t e ra r ec o mp a r a b l et oh u ma ngr e e da n da ffe c t i o n ,l i k ewa t e r ,a nd a n g e ra n dh a t r e d ,l i k efir e .Th ewh i t ep a t hi nt h ec e nt e r ,f o u ro rfiv e i nc h e swi de ,i sc o mp a r a b l et ot h ep ur ea s p i r a t i o nf o rr e b i r t hi nt h ePu r e La n dwh i c ha r i s e si nt h emi d s to ft h ep a s s i on sofgr e e da nda n g e r .Gr e e d a nda n g e ra r ep o we r f u l ,a n dt h u sa r el i k e n e dt ofir ea n dwa t e r ;t heg o o d mi n di si nfin i t e s i ma l ,a n dt h u si sl i k e n e dt oawh i t ep a t h[ o faf e wi nc h e s i nwi dt h] . Th ewa v e si nu n d a t i n gt h ep a t ha r ec o mp a r a b l et ot h ec o ns t a nta r i s i n gof a ffe c t i o na t et ho u g h t si nt h emi n dwh i c hs t a i na ndpo l l u t et h eg o o dmi n d . An dt h efla me swhi c hs c o r c ht h ep a t ha r ec o mpa r a bl et ot h o u g h t so f a n g e ra n dh a t r e dwh i c hbu r nu pt h et r e a s u r e so fd ha r maa n dv i r t u e . Th ema np r oc e e d i n go nt h ep a t ht o wa r dt h eWe s ti sc o mp a r a b l et oon e wh od i r e c t sa l lo fhi sa c t i o nsa n dp r a c t i c e st o wa r dt h eWe s t [ e r n Pa r a d i s e ] .Th eh e a r i n go fv o i c e sf r o mt h eEa s tba n ke n c o u r a g i n ga n d e x h o r t i n gh i mt op u r s u et hep a t hs t r a i g htt ot h eWe s t ,i sl i k eSha ky a mun i Bu dd h a ,wh oha sa l r e a d yd i s a pp e a r e df r omt h es i g h to fme nb u twh o s e t e a c h i n g sma ys t i l lb ep u r s u e da n da r et h e r e f or el i k e ne dt o" v o i c e s . "Th e c a l l i n go u to ft h er u ffia n sa f t e rh eh a st a k e naf e ws t e p si sc o mp a r a b l et o t h os eo fd i ffe r e n tt e a c hi n g sa n dp r a c t i c e sa n do fe v i lv i e wswh owa n t o n l y s p r e a dt h e i ri de a st ol e a dp e op l ea s t r a ya n dc r e a t ed i s t u r ba n c e s ,t h us f a l l i n gt h e ms e l v e si n t os i na n dl os i n gt h e i rwa y . Tos pe a ko fs ome o n ec a l l i n gf r o mt h eWe s tb a n ki sc o mp a r a b l et ot h e v o wo fAmi t a bh a . Re a c h i n gt h eWe s tb a n k ,b e i n ggr e e t e db yt h eg o o d f r i e n da n dr e j oi c i n gt h e r e ,i sc omp a r a b l et oa l lt h o s eb e i n g ss u nkl o n gi n t h es e aofbi r t ha ndd e a t h ,flo u n d e r i n ga ndc a u gh ti nt h e i ro wnd e l u s i o n s , wi t h o uta n yme a n so fd e l i v e r a n c e , wh oa c c e p tSh a k y a mu ni ' st e s t a me n t d i r e c t i n gt he mt ot h eWe s ta n dAmi t a b h a ' sc o mp a s s i o na t ec a l l ,a n d o b e y i n gt r u s t f u l l yt h ewi l lo ft h et woBud d h a swh i l ep a y i n gnoh e e dt o t h er i v e r so ffir ea ndwa t e r ,wi t hd e v o u tc on c e n t r a t i o nmo u ntt h er o a do f Ami t a b ha ' sp r o mi s e dp o we ra n dwh e nl i f ei so ' e ra t t a i nt heo t he rLa n d , wh e r et he yme e tt h eBu dd h aa ndkn o wu n e n di n gb l i s s .

s e l fpo we ra ndOt h e rp o we r -Us i n gt het e r ms“ s e l fp o we r ”a nd“ Ot he rpo we r , ”h ef e l t t ha ti nt h ea g eoft h eDe g e ne r a t eDha r ma , t heHol yPa t hofs e l fpo we ri sno ton l y di ffic ul tbuti sa c t ua l l yus e l e s s . Th eOt he rpo we ro fAmi t a ¯ bhaBu ddhal e a di n g t hr ou ght hePu r eLa ndGa t ewa st hee x c l us i v ewa yt ol i be r a t i on. OfTa nl ua n ’ sFi v e Re c ol l e c t i onGa t e s ,Da oc huos t r e s s e dt h es e c on d,r e c i t i n gt hena meofAmi t a ¯ b ha Bu ddha .Hei sa l s oc r e di t e dwi t hi nt r oduc i n gpr a y e rb e a d s , l a t e rus e di nPu r eLa nd pi e t yt hr ou gh outEa s tAs i a . Be s i de sbe i n gkno wnf orh i so wni de a s , Da oc h uoi sa l s o ho nor e df orb e i n gt het e a c h e roft hene xtpa t r i a r c hofPur eLa ndBuddh i s m, Sha nda o ( 613 –681) . Sha n da o ’ st e a c h i n g sb r ou ghtChi ne s ePu r eLa ndt hou ghtt oi t spe a k .

uán( Ch:曇鸞,J p:Donr an)( 476–542)wasaChi nes e Ta nl ua n-Tánl Buddhi s tmonk .Hei sc r edi t edbyHōnenast hef ounderofPur eLand nChi na.Hei sal s oc ons i der edt heThi r dPat r i ar c hi nJ apanes e Buddhi s mi J odoShi ns huBuddhi s m. T anl uanwasor i gi nal l yaBuddhi s ts c hol arbutaf t erbec omi ngi l lhes t udi ed T aoi s mi nor dert os eekt heEl i x i rofLi f e.Howev er ,af t eranencount erwi t h Bodhi r uci aBuddhi s tmonkf r om I ndi a,Tanl uanbecameadev ot eeoft he Pur eLandt eac hi ngsand,ac c or di ngt ot heJ odoShi ns huhy mnShos hi nge, aoi s tt ex t s . bur nthi sT T anl uanl at erwr ot ehi scomment ar i esont heLar gerSut r aof I mmeas ur abl eLi f e.Thec omment ar i est aughtt hatt heal lbei ngsc oul dbe eLandofAmi t abhaBuddhat hr oughs i nc er er ec i t at i onof r ebor ni nt hePur t heBuddha' sname Thefir s ta c kno wl e d g e dpa t r i a r c hwa sTa nl ua n( 47 6–542) . Ta nl ua nwa son c e c on v a l e s c i n gf r om a ni l l ne s sa ndha davi s i o nofahe a v e nl yg a t eo pe ni n gt ohi m. I ns pi r e db yt hi sdr e a m, hebe g a nt os e e ke t e r na ll i f et hr ou g ht hepr a c t i c eofDa oi s m. Ho we v e r , oneda yheme tt heI ndi a nBuddhi s tmo nk, Bodhi r u c i ,whoa r r i v e di n Luo y a n gi n508. Bodhi r u c ii nt r oduc e dTa nl ua nt ot e a c hi n g sa boutAmi t a ¯ bhaBudd ha a ndPur eLa ndpi e t y . Ta nl ua nc on v e r t e d,p ur s ue dPur eLa ndpr a c t i c e , a n de v e nt ua l l y wr ot eabookt ha tun i fie dt het e a c h i n g soft he La n dofBl i s sSu¯ t r a s wi t ha s oph i s t i c a t e de xpl a na t i onofh o wt ovi s ua l i z ea n di n v ok eAmi t a ¯ b haBuddha . I nhi s wr i t i n g s ,Ta nl ua ni nt r oduc e ds omeof Cont e mp or a r yChi ne s eBudd hi s m-us eofol da ndne wt r a d i t i ons FoGua n gSha n-Mode r ns o c i a l l ye n g a g e dBu ddhi s tor de ri nTa i wa n.

Ano t he rl a r g ene wBuddh i s tor g a ni z a t i oni nTa i wa ni st heFoGua n gSha nBuddh i s t Or de r .Fo unde db yGr a ndMa s t e rHs i n gYun, FoGua n gSha nha smi l l i onsoff ol l o we r s a ndha se s t a bl i s he dt e mp l e si nTa i wa na n do t he r FoGua n gSha ne mp ha s i z e st h ene e df o rBu ddhi s mt ome e tpe op l e ’ ss pi r i t ua la nd ph y s i c a lne e dshe r ea ndn o wt obui l dt hePur eLa ndi nt hi swor l d . Th us ,i nTa i wa n, t hous a ndsofmo nksa ndnu nsoft heor de rwor kt o g e t he rwi t hc ommi t t e da ndwe l l e duc a t e dl a yme mb e r si nan umbe rofp r o j e c t sf o rt hebe t t e r me n tofTa i wa ns oc i e t y a ndf orwor l dpe a c e . Pa s s i n gt heHa l -“ Pa s s i n gt heHa l l ”r e f e r st ot h emona s t i c sofamo na s t e r yg a t he r i n g f orme a l s . I t i snots i mp l yama t t e rofe a t i n gbuti ss e e na saBudd hi s twor s h i ps e r v i c e , a ndt hewh ol epr oc e s si se l e g a nta nds ol e mn. Af t e rt hei nt r oduc t i o nofBu ddhi s mi nt o Ch i na , t heI ndi a nBuddhi s tc u s t omofb e g gi n gf o odn e v e rwe n ti nt og e ne r a lpr a c t i c e , a ndmona s t i c sus ua l l yt oo kt he i rme a l si ns i det he i rmo na s t e r i e s .Thes y s t e m ofPa s s i n g t heHa l lde v e l ope df r omt hi sf a c t . Re l e a s eofLi vi n gBe i n g s -Thephr a s e“ Re l e a s eofLi v i n gBe i n g s ”c ome sf r oma Ma ha ¯ y a ¯ naBud dhi s ts c r i pt ur ea ndh a ss pr e a da l lo v e rCh i naa ndbe y ondt oJ a pa n, Kor e a ,a ndVi e t na m. Ther i t ua li sba s e dont hec omp a s s i ont ha tBud dhi s t sf e e l , be l i e f i nt hee q ua l i t yofa l ll i v i n gbe i n g s ,a swe l la si nt h ec onc e ptofr e bi r t ha c c o r di n gt ot he r e s ul t sofka r ma . Whe nhol d i n gac e r e mo n yf ort her e l e a s eofl i vi n gbe i n g s , a ni ma l s a r ebr ou ghti n t oar i t ua ls i t e ,a ni nc e n s ea l t a rwi l lbes e tupo nt hes i t e , c l e a rwa t e ra nd wi l l o wbr a nc h e swi l lbepr e pa r e d, a n di nt hemi ddl e , pe opl ewi l lma k eoffe r i n g sbe f or e as t a t ueo ft hebodhi s a t t v aGua n yi n .Thec e l e br a ntwi l lpr e a c has e r mononBuddhi s t t e a c h i n g sf ort hebe ne fitoft hea ni ma l sa ndwi l lt r a ns mi tt heThr e eRe f u g e st ot he m. Af t e rt hec e r e mon yi sc ompl e t e d, a l loft h ea n i ma l swi l lbet a k e nt oana t ur a ls e t t i n g , t he r et ober e s t or e dt oaf r e el i f e ....