Caffeine and benzoic acid using UV-Vis PDF

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Journal Pharmaceutica harmaceutical Research World J ournal of P harmaceutica l Researc h SJIF Impact Factor 7.523

Volume 6, Issue 5, 749-755.

Research Article

ISSN 2277–7105

SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF CAFFEINE AND BENZOIC ACID IN SOFT DRINKS BY USING UV-VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY Vasubabu Padarthi*, Dr. K. N. Vidyadhar, Pudi Durgasyam, Yasarapu Manoj, Meka Jhansy Saranya and Mokara Laxmi Priya Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, V. J’S College of Pharmacy, Rajahmundry. ABSTRACT Article Received on 25 Feb. 2017, Revised on 17 March 2017, Accepted on 06 April 2017 DOI: 10.20959/wjpr20175-8328

Five brands of soft drinks were analyzed for benzoic acid and caffeine content by using simultaneous estimation method. The soft drink includes Thums up, Limca, Coca cola, Sprite and Mountain dew. The result shows that the pH of soft drinks ranges from 1.8 to 2.8. The amount of benzoic acid and caffeine is determined by using

*Corresponding Author’ Vasubabu Padarthi Department of

simultaneous estimation method. In this process, it was found that amount of benzoic acid was low in Mountain dew. The caffeine

Pharmaceutical Analysis,

content in soft drinks was only found in Thums up, Coca cola and

V. J’S College of

Mountain dew and remaining other samples the presence of caffeine

Pharmacy, Rajahmundry.

absorbance under UV spectrophotometry are not detected.

KEYWORDS: Soft drinks, Benzoic acid, Caffeine, Simultaneous equation, UV Spectrophotometry. INTRODUCTION A soft drink is a drink that typically contains carbonated water, a sweetener and a natural or artificial flavoring. The sweetener may be sugar, high-fructose corn syrup, fruit juice, sugar substitutes (in the case of diet drinks) or some combination of these. Soft drinks may also contain caffeine, colorings, preservatives and other ingredients. Benzoic acid and its salts are used as a preservative, represented by the E-numbers E210, E211, E212 and E213. Benzoic acid inhibits the growth of mould, yeast and some bacteria. It is used either directly or as its sodium, potassium or calcium salt.

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Caffeine which is chemically know as 1,3,7-Trimethylpurine-2,6-dione. Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant, having the effect of temporarily warding off drowsiness and restoring alertness. It increases calcium permeability in sarcoplasmic reticulum, inhibiting phosphodiesterase promoting accumulation of cyclic AMP. The most prominent is that it reversibly blocks the action of adenosine on its receptor and consequently prevents the onset of drowsiness induced by adenosine. Caffeine also stimulates certain portions of the autonomic nervous system.

BENZOIC ACID

CAFFEINE

MATERIALS AND METHODS The materials used are Hydrochloric acid (Molychem), Distilled water, Caffeine (Spectrum % purity: 98.5 %), Benzoic acid (Merck % purity: 99.9%). Which are brought from the local store of Siri scientific, Rajahmundry. Preparation of solutions Preparation of stock solution of benzoic acid Weigh 0.010 gm of benzoic acid and transferred with DI water in a 500ml volumetric flask. It may be difficult to get the solid to dissolve, so you may want to start by putting the solid in a 500ml Erlenmeyer flask (not a volumetric flask), adding about 400ml of water, and heating on a heat plate. You will then have to make a quantitative transfer of the entire solution to the volumetric flask. Once the solid is dissolved in the volumetric flask, fill the flask to the mark with DI water. Preparation of stock solution of caffeine Prepare a stock solution of caffeine by dissolving 0.022gm caffeine (accurately weighed and transferred) with DI water in a 500 ml volumetric flask (you will probably want to use the

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Sonicator to help dissolve the caffeine).Once the solid is dissolved fill the flask to the mark with DI water. Preparation of sample solutions: (Thums up, Limca, Sprite, Mountain dew, Coca cola) Pour exactly 20 ml of sample into a 125 ml Erlenmeyer flask, then Sonicator the sample for 5 minutes to remove dissolved CO2 .Using the micro pipette (with a new tip) take 2 ml of sample in 50 ml volumetric flask and make up the volume with 0.01M Hcl. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS THUMS UP

Fig no 1: Determination of caffeine and benzoic acid in Thums up. λ for benzoic acid

: 227

λ for caffeine

: 272

Table no 1: λ max an absorbance values for caffeine and benzoic acid in Thums up. WAVELENGTH CAFFEINE 227 272 C1= a2λ2A1-a2λ1A2

0.093 0.398

A1%1cmBENZOIC BENZOIC THUMSUP A1%1cmCAFFEINE ACID ACID 0.311 0.463 93 311 0.016 0.636 398 18

b(a1λ1a2λ2-aλ1a1λ2)

C1=18 0.463-398 0.636 93 18-398 311 =8.334-253.128 1674-123778 = 0.002 C1= 20 mg C2= a1λ1A2-a1λ2A1

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b(a1λ1a2λ2-a2λ1a1λ2)

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=93 0.636-311 0.463 93 18-398 =840.845

122104 = 0.0069;

C2=69mg

SPRITE

Fig no 2: Determination of caffeine and benzoic acid in sprite. Table no 2: λ max and absorbance value for caffeine and benzoic acid in sprite. WAVELENGTH CAFFEINE 227 272

0.093 0.398

BENZOIC SPRITE ACID 0.311 0.421 0.018 0.039

A1%1cm CAFFEINE 93 398

A1%1cmBENZOIC ACID 311 18

COCO-COLA

Fig no 3: Determination caffeine and benzoic acid in coco-cola.

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Table no 3: λ max and absorbance values for caffeine and benzoic acid in coco cola. WAVELENGTH

CAFFEINE

223 272

0.093 0.398

BENZOIC ACID 0.311 0.018

COCACOLA 1.427 0.673

A1%1cm CAFFEINE 93 398

A1%1cmBENZOIC ACID 311 18

MOUNTAIN DEW

Fig no 4: Determination of benzoic acid and caffeine in mountain dew. Table no 4: λ max and absorbance values for caffeine and benzoic acid in mountain dew. WAVELENGTH CAFFEINE 227 272

0.093 0.398

A1%1cm BENZOIC MOUNTAIN ACID DEW CAFFEINE 0.311 0.625 93 0.018 0.346 398

A1%1cm BENZOIC ACID 311 18

LIMCA

Fig no: 5 Determination of benzoic acid and caffeine in Limca

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Table no 5: λ max and absorbance values for caffeine and benzoic acid in Limca. WAVELENGTH

CAFFEINE

230 270

0.093 0.398

BENZOIC ACID 0.311 0.018

LIMCA 0.486 0.051

A1%1cm CAFFEINE 93 398

A1%1cmBENZOIC ACID 311 18

Benzoic acid and Caffeine Table no 6: Amount of benzoic acid and caffeine in soft drinks.

Company Thumsup Mountain dew Limca Coca-cola Sprite

Benzoic acid concentration (mg/l)

Caffeine concentration (mg/l)

20.0 10.3 11.9 19.8 10.6

69 13.2 0.09 31.2 0.33

Company standards for benzoic acid(mg/l) 70 54 70 46 70

Company standards for caffeine (mg/l) [24 25 26 27 28]

52 54 0 46 0

CONCLUSION The analytical determination of benzoic acid and caffeine is not only important for quality assurance purpose but also for consumer interest and protection. This work used is simple, fast, and accurate UV-Visible spectroscopic method for the simultaneous determination of benzoic acid and caffeine in five marketed samples of soft drinks Coca-cola, Thums up, Sprite, Mountain dew, Limca. The results showed that the benzoic acid was found in all the five soft drinks which are within the company standards. Whereas caffeine was found only in Coca-cola, Thums up and Mountain dew which are also in company standards. So regular checking of soft drinks should be done. REFERENCES 1 H. Beckett, J. B. Stenlake. Simultaneous equations method: Practical pharmaceutical chemistry. 4th edition part 2., New Delhi; CBS Publishers, 2007; 284-286. 2 Sandor Gorog. Multi component systems: Ultraviolet- visible spectrophotometry in pharmaceutical analysis. Pharma Med press, 2011; 104-105. 3 Amos-Tautua, W. Bamidele Martin and E.R.E. Diepreye. Ultra-violet Spectrophotometric Determination of Caffeine in Soft and Energy Drinks Available in Yenagoa, Nigeria. Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2014; 6(2): 155-158. 4 Doreen Amponsah. Determination of the amount of caffeine and benzoic acid in selected soft drinks. International journal of scientific & engineering research, June 2014; 5: 1375. www.wjpr.net

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5 Zaifa Pan, Lili Wang, Weimin Mo, Wei Hu, Juan juan Zhang. Determination of benzoic acid in soft drinks by gas chromatography with on-line pyrolytic methylation technique. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2005; 545: 218–223. 6 M. A. Ford. The quantitative determination of benzoic acid in soft drinks by ion-exchange chromatography. Analyst, 1966; 91: 15-22. 7 James K. Kusi, Samuel O. Levels of benzoic acid in soft drinks and fruit juices in Ghana. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSRJESTFT) e-ISSN: 2319-2402, p- ISSN: 2319-2399, Dec 2014; 8: 36-39. 8 C.M. Lino , A. Pena .Occurrence of caffeine, saccharin, benzoic acid and sorbic acid in soft drinks and nectars in Portugal and subsequent exposure assessment. Food Chemistry, July 2010; 121: 503–508. 9 Qing-Chuan Chen, Jing Wang. Simultaneous determination of artificial sweeteners, preservatives, caffeine, theobromine and theophylline in food and pharmaceutical preparations by ion chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, Dec 2001; 937: 1–2, 57–64. 10 Igelige Gerald1, David Ebuka Arthur1, Adebiyi Adedayo2. Paper Open Access Determination of CaffeineIn Beverages. American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) e-ISSN : 2320-0847 p-ISSN ; 2320-0936, 2014; 3: 124-137. 11 Kathryn R. Williams, Alejandra Rodriguez Haralambides. Analysis of Soft Drinks: UV Spectrophotometry, Liquid Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis. Journal of chemical education, Feb 1966; 625: 15-22. 12 Pauline Maes, Yulia B. Monakhova, Thomas Kuballa, Helmut Reusch and Dirk W. Lachenmeier. Qualitative and Quantitative Control of Carbonated Cola Beverages Using 1H NMR Spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, 2012 Mar 21; 60(11): 2778-2784. 13 Nancy Karreman and Tom Zuzelski. Simultaneous Determination of Benzoic Acid and Caffeine Concentrations by Single Wavelength. Isocratic High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography. The Journal of experimental secondary sciences. 14 James k. kusi, Samuel o.Acquaah. Levels of benzoic acid in soft Drinks and Fruit Juices in Ghana James. www.iosrjournals.org www.iosrjournals, Dec 2014; 8: 36-39.

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