Can Crusher Mechanism Report PDF

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Can crusher mechanism design process project report...

Description

Abstract In this project concepts of machine designing and manufacturing are applied to design a can crusher, which is widely used in beverage industries and scrap factories. The main aim of this project is to manufacture a product which is more economical and that can be used in our daily life. Can crusher is basically used to recycle the empty cans by lowering their volume and afterwards by mechanically operating on those crushed cans and converting them into new ones. In different stores and restaurant wasted cans occupy much volume and space so this system can be used at commercial scale as well. This type of can crushers would be very much handy and could be brought anywhere. Methods of machine design and manufacturing such as drilling, welding, bending and cutting are also studied and used in fabrication. Designing and analysis is done for better visualizing and errors are removed while the corrections are applied. Such type of systems provides great help in controlling the polluted environment.

Introduction: Can crushers are designed in such a fashion that different materials can be crushed through this system. In this new era, our main challenge is to control the environmental pollution that is being caused by different factors in which plastic acts as a leading role in contaminating the environment. In present era everything containing food is preserved in plastic packing such as cans etc. and after the usage they are exposed to environment and upon burning they emit hazardous gases which cause depletion in ozone layer. For this purpose plastic materials must be recycled in order to prevent environmental pollution. Also to store the cans in their original size requires much storage space as they occupy enough volume. To counter this problem can crushers are designed as they reduce the original volume by 75-80%. The main purpose of Can Crusher is to save space. This gives help in recycling the small stacks. Can crusher come-s in many designs pneumatic, hydraulic, wood and aluminum. The name of the man who invented the first Can Crusher was Jesse M. Wright which was developed in 1937, but he did not patent it till August 30, 1938. This device can be placed anywhere for example restaurant, canteens, and parks. In today’s life canned products are used so, its use is essential. These places where a lot of people gather have a lot of leftover cans, storage is always a problem and empty can eat up a lot of space. The transportation cost for moving a lot of empty cans is also high. Thus, this device will help transport bigger amounts of cans to the disposals. Recycling helps the environment in a wonderful way. The environment can be helped by crushing these empty cans that use up a lot of space to make our life easier and also this is a compact and easy method of freeing space. These machines are available in a number of sizes ranging from manual and automatic method used for different cans to suit everyone from simple soda cans to bigger frameworks of different vehicles.

Their designing requires knowledge of machine designing and manufacturing. In order to design and fabricate we inquire some basic knowledge of computer aided designs such as Solidworks and ANSYS, and use of drilling, cutting and bending machines is also needed. Can crusher involve slider crank mechanism in which movement of one link gives us the desired motion of the other link.

Slider crank mechanism: This mechanism is the modified form of four bar linkage mechanism. Can crusher works on the basic principle of four bar linkage mechanism. It comprises of four links: 

Frame



Piston



Connecting rod



Crank

Rotary motion is converted into reciprocating motion and vice versa. Four different types of motion can be achieved using these four links by fixing each link, but in a simple slider crank mechanism frame is fixed only.

Figure 1 : Slider Crank mechanism

Objectives The inspiration behind this invention came from the wastage observed at different parties and Malls and festivals where people use a lot of canned beverages. The people who use it throw it away without further attention. Therefore, a new way must be developed so that the garbage at those gatherings could be reduced The objectives of this project include: 

The design must be capable of volume reduction by 75-80%



It must have a continuous can feeding mechanism



The design must be Human powered and economical



The fabricated product must be easy to transport from one place to another



The system must be energy saving and less time consuming

Problem Statement Human Population is increasing at a drastic rate. More products are being consumed each day. This means that the amount of trash being produced is also exponentially increasing. The main disadvantage is that it occupies more space and due to over population, the space is already a main concern. So, there must be some kind of a procedure to reduce the volume of this trash. Beverage cans occupy a lot of space when used up because there is only free space left. This free space can be freed after crushing a can. That can save a lot of space. Usually we use leg to crush a can. The can when crushed by a leg can also cause injuries as well as get crushed at an inclined shape. To overcome these drawbacks can crusher was an essential development towards

advancement. Whereas, the machine should have some additional characteristics which are enlisted as follows: 

Safety



Easy maintenance



Durability



Price Economy



Reasonable human power input



Longer lifespan

Literature Review Takiguchi et al. [1], studied an application of slider crank mechanism viz. floating pin (piston), that rotates in automotive engines powered by gasoline. Owing to wide range of applications, many researchers have devised dynamic modelling of the slider crank mechanism. For instance, Schwab et al [2] made comparison on behavior (dynamic) of slider crank mechanism by employing different connecting rod–slider joint models such as a Hertz contact model. He also studied dynamic behavior when connecting rod was considered as elastic component rather than a rigid component. Flores et al. [4] modelled the joint (joining connecting rod and slider) as a frictionless dry contact, and concluded that dry (with friction) contacts are more viable than dry frictionless contacts, due to vibrations resulting from dynamic response of the mechanism. Erka et al investigated into dynamics and kinematics of a slider crank mechanism, that had an extra link between crank (pin) and connecting rod. They made comparison of their results with that of a conventional slider crank mechanism. He concluded that modified version gave a higher torque than conventional one, though both the mechanisms gave same strokes.

Concept Generation

Figure 3: Design 2

Concept evaluation and selection

Design Specification

Importance Factor (1-5); 5 being highest

Design 1

Design 2

Cost

2

4

Weight

3

4

Aesthetics

3

3

Energy Consumption

5

5

Quality

3

4

Operation Cost

3

5

Product accuracy

3

4

Maintenance Issue

4

4

Weighted Total

26

33

Rank Order

2nd

1st

Hence, Design 1 is chosen for construction of the prototype.

Components The project is composed of five main components which are enlisted below:

Ground

Crank

Lever

Ram

Anvil

Parametric Design

Component

Parameter

Crank

Length

Lever

Wooden Ram

Wooden Anvil

Dimension

Width

1 inch ± 1/16 inch

Length

(15+5) inches ± 1/8 inch

Width

1 inch ± 1/16 inch

Length

8 inches ± 1/8 inch

Diameter

5 inches ± 1/8 inch

Length

3 inches ± 1/8 inch

Diameter

5 inches ± 1/8 inch

Computer Aided Design The Computer aided design was made using the Solidworks package. The figures below show the there- dimensional view of all the components, followed by the assembly model.

Figure 4: Crank

Figure 5: Lever - Connecting Rod

Figure 8: Ground Link

Figure 9: 3D Assembly

Manufacturing Lever

The lever in this project has two purposes: 1. One part of the lever is connected to the ground link/ support. This part provides grip to the user to exert the force. 2. Whereas, the second part of the lever is attached to the ram and propagates force exerted by the user to crush the can in anvil. There are two sets of bars used in the lever. The first is the pair of longer bars which are attached to the ground link and are connected to themselves using a circular aluminum handle at the end. The second pair of bars are the shorter ones which are connected to the first pair and the Wooden RAM. The first part of bar has the length of 15 inches both and a depth of 1inch and a width of 1/8 inch. The second part of bars have the length of 5 inches and depth of 1inch and width of 1/8 inches. The following were the operation performed on the bars to get to the required shape: 

Cutting - a long bar of mild steel was used and cut it into longer and shorter bars using oxy-acetylene flame.



Drilling - a 6mm drill bit was used to drill holes at the end of the steel bars for the bolts.



Taping - a 6.5mm internal taper to develop threads inside the drilled holes in the bars for the bolts to sit in.

Both the parts of the bar show curvilinear-translation motion. The handle is attached additionally to provide a good grip to the user. The following were the operation performed on that rod to get it into shape: 

Turning - to reduce the length of the rod to 3 inches by performing turning operation.



Facing – to reduce the diameter of the aluminum rod so it could fit perfectly on a human palm.



Drilling - to drill holes using 6mm drill bit for the bolts



Taping - to produce threads in the inner side of the handle using a 6.5mm taper tool.

Wooden Ram A rectangular piece of wood which had the length of 8 inches was used. It had a width of 5 inches and a depth of 5 inches. The required wooden RAM had 3 inches diameter and 5 inches depth. Following were the operations performed on the wooden RAM to get to the required shape:  Turning – to perform turning operation to make the rectangular block in circular shape which had the diameter of 3 meter.

  

Facing – to perform facing operation on the rectangular block to reduce the length of the circular RAM to 5 inches to fit inside the PVC pipe. Drilling - A 6mm drill bit to perform drilling operation on the RAM to support bolts. Taping – a 6.5mm internal taper tool to make threads for the bolts to set in.

Wooden Anvil A rectangular wooden piece was used, which had the length of 3 inches, width of 5 inches and a depth of 3 inches. The required anvil had 3 inches diameter with 1inch depth. Following were the operations performed to get the required shape:  Turning – to perform turning operation on the wooden block to make it circular so it could fit in the PVC pipe which had a diameter of 3 inches.  Facing - to perform facing operation on the circular block to reduce its depth to 1inch.  Drilling - to drill 5 holes in the anvil, 2 for the lever, 2 for attaching to the PVC pipe and 1 for attaching to the base below. The drilled holes were drilled by a 6mm drill bit. Taping - to perform taping operation on all the holes using a 6.5mm internal taper tool. Ground Link Following operation was performed to construct a reasonable base for the project  Cutting – hacksaw was employed to cut out a desired shape and sized base. A U-shaped part was cut out from 1-inch block of aluminum, whereas 1/8 inch hole was made to attach the screws.

Quality Function Deployment

Customer Requirements Safety Economical Price Durability Life span Maintenance Reasonable human power

5 5 4 5 5 4

9 8 9 9

8 9 9

9 9 9 9 9

Smooth movement of joints

Structure able to withstand forces

Reduce can volume to 20%

Lifetime of the structure

Light-weighted-ness

Technical Specification

8

input

Calculations

Conclusion Considering the analysis of above experiment, the development of a Can Crusher should be relatively cheap. The Crusher made is easy to handle and the can crusher can be adopted on a horizontal surface over a recycling receptacle. Considering design of the above experiment, some

other elements can be added into it to either make it cheaper or make it automatic or hydraulic. Thus, with the help of above project we can develop a manual can crusher to reduce the size of can crusher as well as the human fatigue.

Future Scope The scope of manual can crusher is as follows: 1. The lever connecting to the Wooden RAM could be replaced with an aluminum bar which is connected to a wheel which is further attached to the motor which gives it power, the whole can crusher could be placed in a horizontal place with a slot that lets the crushed can out and a room for entering multiple cans. This could be called an Automatic Can Crusher which will not require any manual work this would save us some time. 2. The Manual Can Crusher can also be made into a Hydraulic Can Crusher cans. The Hydraulic Rod could be coded with the help of programming language so it could be used from a distance. The mechanism would be same as with the Manual or Automatic Can Crushers with the difference that the power comes from a hydraulic system. 3. Taking it to a whole another level, the Can crusher can be modified to crush even bigger human fatigue for example empty car frames, useless metal pieces. Everything that occupies more space than it should could be crushed into it. The car frames could be reduced to tiny little squares with the crushing force coming from all the direction. This could help the environment as well as the space crisis the human race is facing.

References [1] M. Takiguchi, M. Oguri, T. Someya, A study of rotating motion of piston pin in gasoline engine, SAE Paper 938142, Detroit, USA, 1993.

[2] A.L. Schwab, J.P. Meijaard, P. Meijers, A comparison of revolute joint clearance model in the dynamic analysis of rigid and elastic mechanical systems, Mechanism and Machine Theory 37 (9) (2002) 895–913. [3] P. Flores, J. Ambrosio, J.P. Claro, Dynamic analysis for planar multibody mechanical systems with lubricated joints, Multibody System Dynamics Vol. 12 (2004) 47–74. [4] S. Erkaya, S. Su, I. Uzmay, Dynamic analysis of a slider–crank mechanism with eccentric connector and planetary gears, Mechanism and Machine Theory Vol. 42 (2007) 393–408....