Cardiology-Mnemonic - Veterinary cardiology PDF

Preview

Summary

Veterinary cardiology...

Description

9/11/2016

mrcp4all

CardiologyMnemonics Antiarrythmics:forAVnodes "DoBlockAV": Digoxin Bblockers Adenosine Verapamil Aorticregurgitation:causes CREAM: Congenital Rheumaticdamage Endocarditis Aorticdissection/Aorticrootdilatation Marfan’s Aorticstenosischaracteristics SAD: Syncope Angina Dyspnoea Apexbeat:abnormalitiesfoundonpalpation,causesofimpalpable HILT: Heaving Impalpable Laterallydisplaced Thrusting/Tapping _Ifitisimpalpable,causesareCOPD: COPD Obesity Pleural,Pericardialeffusion Dextrocardia Apexbeat:differentialforimpalpableapexbeat DOPES: Dextrocardia Obesity Pericarditis/Pericardialtamponade/Pneumothorax Emphysema Sinusinversus/Studentincompetence/Scoliosis/Skeletalabnormalities(egpectusexcavatum) Atrialfibrillation:causes ASHIT: Alcohol Stenosis(mitralvalve) Hypertension Infarction/Ischaemia Thyrotoxicosis Atrialfibrillation:causes PIRATES: Pulmonary:PE,COPD Iatrogenic Rheumaticheart:mirtralregurgitation Atherosclerotic:MI,CAD Thyroid:hyperthyroid

https://www.facebook.com/groups/211585018882145/permalink/301845453189434/

1/5

9/11/2016

mrcp4all

Endocarditis Sicksinussyndrome Atrialfibrillation:management ABCD: Anticoagulate Betablocktocontrolrate Cardiovert Digoxin Beck'striad(cardiactamponade) 3D's: Distantheartsounds Distendedjugularveins Decreasedarterialpressure Betablockers:cardioselectivebetablockers "BetablockersActingExclusivelyAtMyocardium" _Cardioselectivebetablockersare: Betaxolol Acebutelol Esmolol Atenolol Metoprolol CHF:causesofexacerbation FAILURE: Forgotmedication Arrhythmia/Anaemia Ischemia/Infarction/Infection Lifestyle:takentoomuchsalt UpregulationofCO:pregnancy,hyperthyroidism Renalfailure Embolism:pulmonary CHF:causesofexacerbation ASMITHPEAR: Anemia Salt/Stress/Stoppingmeds MI Infection/Ischemia Thyroid(high/low) HTN Pericarditis Endocarditis(valvedisease) Arrhythmia Rx(betablocker,etc) Coronaryarterybypassgraft:indications DUST: Depressedventricularfunction Unstableangina Stenosisoftheleftmainstem Triplevesseldisease Coronaryarterybypassgraft:indications DUST: Depressedventricularfunction Unstableangina https://www.facebook.com/groups/211585018882145/permalink/301845453189434/

2/5

9/11/2016

mrcp4all

Stenosisoftheleftmainstem Triplevesseldisease DepressedSTsegment:causes DEPRESSEDST: Droopingvalve(MVP) EnlargementofLVwithstrain Potassiumloss(hypokalemia) ReciprocalSTdepression(inI/WAMI) Embolisminlungs(pulmonaryembolism) Subendocardialischemia Subendocardialinfarct Encephalonhaemorrhage(intracranialhaemorrhage) Dilatedcardiomyopathy Shock Toxicityofdigitalis,quinidine ECG:leftvs.rightbundleblock "WiLLiaMMaRRoW": WpatterninV1V2andMpatterninV3V6isLeftbundleblock. MpatterninV1V2andWinV3V6isRightbundleblock. _Note:considerbundlebranchblockswhenQRScomplexiswide. ECG:Twaveinversioncauses INVERT: Ischemia Normality[esp.young,black] Ventricularhypertrophy Ectopicfoci[egcalcifiedplaques] RBBB,LBBB Treatments[digoxin] ExerciserampECG:contraindications RAMP: RecentMI Aorticstenosis MIinthelast7days Pulmonaryhypertension Heartcompensatorymechanismsthat'save'organbloodflowduringshock "HeartSAVER": Symphatoadrenalsystem Atrialnatriureticfactor Vasopressin Endogenousdigitalislikefactor Reninangiotensinaldosteronesystem _Inall5,systemisactivated/factorisreleased Heartfailure:signs TAPEDTORCH: Tachycardia Ascites Pulsusalternans Elevatedjugularvenouspressure Displacedapexbeat Thirdheartsound Oedema Rightventricularheave https://www.facebook.com/groups/211585018882145/permalink/301845453189434/

3/5

9/11/2016

mrcp4all

Crepitationsorwheeze Hepatomegaly(tender) Heartmurmurs "hARDASSMRS.MSD": hARD:AorticRegurg=Diastolic ASS:AorticStenosis=Systolic MRS:MitralRegurg=Systolic MSD:MitralStenosis=Diastolic Jugularvenouspressure(JVP)elevation:causes HOLT:GrabHaroldHoltaroundtheneckandthrowhimintheocean: Heartfailure Obstructionofveneacava Lymphaticenlargementsupraclavicular IntraThoracicpressureincrease JVP:waveform ASKME: Atrialcontraction Systole(ventricularcontraction) Klosure(closure)oftricusps,soatrialfilling Maximalatrialfilling Emptyingofatrium MI:basicmanagement BOOMAR: Bedrest Oxygen Opiate Monitor Anticoagulate Reduceclotsize MI:signsandsymptoms PULSE: Persistentchestpains Upsetstomach Lightheadedness Shortnessofbreath Excessivesweating MI:therapeutictreatment ROAMBAL: Reassure Oxygen Aspirin Morphine(diamorphine) Betablocker Arthroplasty Lignocaine MI:therapeutictreatment "OBATMAN!": Oxygen Betablocker ASA Thrombolytics(egheparin) Morphine https://www.facebook.com/groups/211585018882145/permalink/301845453189434/

4/5

9/11/2016

mrcp4all

Aceprn Nitroglycerin MI:therapeutictreatment MONAH: Morphine Oxygen Nitrogen Aspirin Heparin MI:treatmentofacuteMI COAG: Cyclomorph Oxygen Aspirin Glyceroltrinitrate Mitralregurgitation Whenyouhearholosystolicmurmurs,think"MRTHEMAREholosystolicmurmurs". Mitralstenosis(MS)vs.regurgitation(MR):epidemiology MSisafemaletitle(Ms.)anditisfemalepredominant. MRisamaletitle(Mr.)anditismalepredominant. Murmurattributes "ILPQRST"(personhasillPQRSTheartwaves): Intensity Location Pitch Quality Radiation Shape Timing Murmurs:innocentmurmurfeatures 8S's: Soft Systolic Short Sounds(S1&S2)normal Symptomless Specialtestsnormal(Xray,EKG) Standing/Sitting(varywithposition) Sternaldepression

https://www.facebook.com/groups/211585018882145/permalink/301845453189434/

5/5

05/01/2015

mrcp4all

CardiologyMnemonics >Aspirin:AdverseeffectsASPIRIN Asthma,Salicylism,Pepticulcer/PrematureclosureofPDA,Intestinalbloodloss,Reye'ssyndrome, Idiosyncracy,Noise(tinnitus) >Aorticrootdilatation:causesADAMS Aneurysm,Dissection,Ankylosingspondylitis,Marfan'ssyndrome,Syphilis >Vitellineduct:TimeofclosureVItelline TheVItellineductusuallyclosesaroundweekVIofintrauterinelife. >LVF,ManagementofFOAM Frusemide40mgiv,Oxygen,Atrovent(&Ventolin)nebs,Morphine2.55mg >MitralStenosis,ComplicationsPASTRI Pulm↑BP,Afib,Systemicembolism,Tricuspidregurg,Rightheartfailure,Infective endocarditis >Myocardialinfarct,complicationsABCDEx2 Arrhythmias/Aneurysm Bradycardia/↓BP Cardiacfailure/cardiactamponade Dresslers/Death! Embolism/Extra(VSD,papmusclerupture) >PericarditisDRUMSTICX Dresslers,Rhfever/RA,Uraemia,MI,SLE,Trauma,Idiopathic,Coxsackie,Xray >PosturalHypotensionHANDI Hypovolaemia/hypopituitarism,Addisons,Neuropathy(autonomic),Drugs(vasodilators/ TCADs,diuretics,antipsychotics),Idiopathic >Rheumaticfever: MajorcriteriaCASES Carditis,Arthritis(migratory),Subcutnodules,Erythemamarginatum,Syndenhamschorea Minorcriteria4PA Pyrexia,prolongedPR,pastHx,positive(ie↑)ESR/CRP,Arthralgia >Occlusivearterialdisease6Ps Pain,pallor,pulseless,parasthesia,paralysis,perishingwithcold >SplinterhaemorrhagesTRIPSAM Trauma,RA,InfectiveEndo,PAN SLE/Sepsis,Anaemia(profound),Malignancy(haematological) >STelevationELEVATION Electrolytes,LBBB,EarlyRepolarization,Ventricularhypertrophy,Aneurysm,Treatment(eg pericardiocentesis),Injury(AMI,contusion),Osbornewaves(hypothermia),Nonocclusive vasospasm(prinzmetal’s) >SVTCausesSNAP Sinustachy,nodaltachy,afib,paroxysmalatrialtachy >SymptomsofaorticstenosisASD Angina2years} data:text/html;charset=utf8,%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22_5pbx%20userContent%22%20dataft%3D%22%7B%26quot%3Btn%26quot%3B%3A%26qu…

1/41

05/01/2015

mrcp4all

Syncope1year}prognosis Dyspnoea6/12} >NoapexbeatDOPES Dextrocardia(don’tsaythisfirst!),Obesity,Pleural/Pericardialeffusion,Emphysema,Shock. >3rdHeartSoundFIPPY Failure,Incompetence(mitral/tricuspid),Pregnancy/Pill/PE/Pericarditis,Youth >4thHeartSoundSHIT Stenosis(aortic/pulmonary),Hypertension/HeartBlock,IschaemicHD,Tamponade >ArrhythmiasARHYTHMIAL4PC AtrialMyxoma,Rhheartdis,HYpertension,THyrotoxicosis,Mitralvalvedis,IHD, ALcohol Pneumonia/PE/Pericardialeff,cardiomyopathy >AtrialFibrillationARITHMATIC Alcohol,Rhfever,IHD,Thyrotoxicosis,Hypertension,Mitralstenosis/MI/Myxoma (atrial) ASD,Toxins,Idiopathic/InfectiveendocarditisCardiomyopathy/Constrictivepericarditis >Bradycardia,regularPADHIM Physiological(athlete,sleep)/paroxysmal,AVblock(2°II,3°),Drugs(β,dig,amiodarone) Hypothyroid/hypothermia,Icteric(severe),MI >DominantRwaveinV1WORD WPW,OldMI,RBBB,Dextrocardia >EMDArrest4Hs4Ts Hypothermia,Hypo&hyperelectrolytes,Hypovolaemia,Hypoxia Toxic(includingdrugs),Trauma,Tamponade,Tensionpneumothorax >JVPMOPHAIR Multiplewaveform,Occludable,Posturalchanges Hepatojugularreflex,Above(fillsfrom),Impalpable,Respiratorychanges >NonpittinglowerlimboedemaMICHAM Milroys,infection(filariasis),Congenital,Hypothyroid,Allergy,Malignancy >ShockHENSCAM Hypovolaemia,Endocrine(adrenal,thyroid),Neuropathic(autonomic) Spinalcordinjury/Sepsis,Cardiac,anapyhlaxis/anaesthesia,antiHPT,MassivePE >ABCDE TreatmentofHeartFailure: ACEinhibitors;Betablockers;Calciumchannelblockers;Diuretics;Endothelinconvertingenzymeinhibitors >AllProstitutesTakeMoney Theorderofresuscitationforheartsoundsfromrighttoleft: Aortic,Pulmonary,Tricuspid,Mitra >BOOMAR BasicMImanagement–Bedrest,Oxygen,Opiate,Monitoring,Anticoagulation,Reduceclotsize >CHIPCHANGE Themanyunwantedaffectsofamiodarone:Cutaneousphotosensitivity,Hepaticdysfunction,IncreasesLDL, Pulmonaryfibrosis,CNSeffects,Hyper/hypothyroidism,Asymptomaticcornealdeposits,peripheral data:text/html;charset=utf8,%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22_5pbx%20userContent%22%20dataft%3D%22%7B%26quot%3Btn%26quot%3B%3A%26qu…

2/41

05/01/2015

mrcp4all

Neuropathy,GIdysfunction,Enhancestheeffectsofwarfarin/digoxin >DOLMA Linesoftreatmentofpulmonaryoedema: Digoxin,Oxygen,Lasix,Morfine,Aminophylline.(Dolmaisaveryfamousfoodinthemiddleeast.) >M.O.N.A “MONA”treatmentforacuteMI. Morphine,Oxygen,Nitrate,Aspirin >PleaseReadHisText Signsofcorpulmonale: Peripheraloedema,RaisedJVP,Hepatomegaly,Tricuspidincompetence >MitralregurgitationWhenyouhearholosystolicmurmurs,think"MRTHEMAREholosystolicmurmurs". >Sinoatrialnode:innervationSympatheticactsonSodiumchannels(SS). ParasympatheticactsonPotassiumchannels(PS). >Supraventriculartachycardia:treatmentABCDE: Adenosine Betablocker Calciumchannelantagonist Digoxin Excitation(vagalstimulation) >Ventriculartachycardia:treatmentLAMB: Lidocaine Amiodarone Mexiltene/Magnesium Betablocker >Rheumaticfever:RevisedJonescriteriaJONESPEACE: ·Majorcriteria: Joints:migratory O(heartshaped)Carditis:newonsetmurmur Nodules,subcutaneous:extensorsurfaces Erythemamarginatum Sydenham'schorea ·Minorcriteria: PRinterval,prolonged ESRelevated Arthralgias CRPelevated Elevatedtemperature(fever) ·Need2majoror1majorand2minorcriteria,plusevidenceofrecentGASinfection(throatcx,rapidantigen test,orrisingstrepantibodytiter). >Pulselesselectricalactivity:causesPATCHMED: Pulmonaryembolus Acidosis Tensionpneumothorax Cardiactamponade data:text/html;charset=utf8,%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22_5pbx%20userContent%22%20dataft%3D%22%7B%26quot%3Btn%26quot%3B%3A%26qu…

3/41

05/01/2015

mrcp4all

Hypokalemia/Hyperkalemia/Hypoxia/Hypothermia/Hypovolemia Myocardialinfarction Electrolytederangements Drugs >Sinusbradycardia:aetiology"SINUSBRADICARDIA"(sinusbradycardia): Sleep Infections(myocarditis) Neapthyroid(hypothyroid) Unconsciousness(vasovagalsyncope) Subnormaltemperatures(hypothermia) Biliaryobstruction RaisedCO2(hypercapnia) Acidosis Deficientbloodsugar(hypoglycemia) Imbalanceofelectrolytes Cushing'sreflex(raisedICP) Aging Rx(drugs,suchashighdoseatropine) Deepanaesthesia Ischemicheartdisease Athletes >Rheumaticfever:Jonescriteria·Majorcriteria:CANCER: Carditis Arthritis Nodules Chorea Erythema Rheumaticanamnesis ·Minorcriteria:CAFEPAL: CRPincreased Arthralgia Fever ElevatedESR ProlongedPRinterval Anamnesisofrheumatism Leucocytosis >JVP:waveformASKME: Atrialcontraction Systole(ventricularcontraction) Klosure(closure)oftricusps,soatrialfilling Maximalatrialfilling Emptyingofatrium >Coronaryarterybypassgraft:indicationsDUST: Depressedventricularfunction Unstableangina Stenosisoftheleftmainstem Triplevesseldisease data:text/html;charset=utf8,%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22_5pbx%20userContent%22%20dataft%3D%22%7B%26quot%3Btn%26quot%3B%3A%26qu…

4/41

05/01/2015

mrcp4all

>ExerciserampECG:contraindicationsRAMP: RecentMI Aorticstenosis MIinthelast7days Pulmonaryhypertension >ECG:TwaveinversioncausesINVERT: Ischemia Normality[esp.young,black] Ventricularhypertrophy Ectopicfoci[egcalcifiedplaques] RBBB,LBBB Treatments[digoxin] >Rheumaticfever:JonesmajorcriteriaJONES: Joints(migratingpolyarthritis) Obvious,theheart(carditis,pancarditis,pericarditis,endocarditisorvalvulits) Nodes(subcutaneousnodules) Erythemamarginatum Sydenham'schorea >Myocardialinfarctions:treatmentINFARCTIONS: IVaccess Narcoticanalgesics(egmorphine,pethidine) Facilitiesfordefibrillation(DF) Aspirin/Anticoagulant(heparin) Rest Convertingenzymeinhibitor Thrombolysis IVbetablocker Oxygen60% Nitrates StoolSofteners >Atrialfibrillation:causesPIRATES: Pulmonary:PE,COPD Iatrogenic Rheumaticheart:mirtralregurgitation Atherosclerotic:MI,CAD Thyroid:hyperthyroid Endocarditis Sicksinussyndrome >Atrialfibrillation:managementABCD: Anticoagulate Betablocktocontrolrate Cardiovert Digoxin >Antiarrythmics:forAVnodes"DoBlockAV": Digoxin data:text/html;charset=utf8,%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22_5pbx%20userContent%22%20dataft%3D%22%7B%26quot%3Btn%26quot%3B%3A%26qu…

5/41

05/01/2015

mrcp4all

Bblockers Adenosine Verapamil >Murmurs:systolicMRPVTRAPS: Mitral Regurgitationand Prolaspe VSD Tricupsid Regurgitation Aorticand Pulmonary Stenosis >Apexbeat:differentialforimpalpableapexbeatDOPES: Dextrocardia Obesity Pericarditis/Pericardialtamponade/Pneumothorax Emphysema Sinusinversus/Studentincompetence/Scoliosis/Skeletalabnormalities(egpectusexcavatum) >Rheumaticfever:Jones5majorcriteriaSTREP: Sydenhamschorea Transientmigratoryarthritis Rheumaticsubcutaneousnodules Erythemamarginatum Pancarditis(endocarditis,myocarditis,pericarditis) ·STREP,sinceRheumaticfeveriscausedbygroupAstrep. >SinustachycardiaTACHFEVER: Tamponade/Thyrotoxicosis Anemia CHF Hypotension Fever Excrutiatingpain Volumedepletion Exercise Rx(Theo,Dopa,Epi,etc) >CHF:causesofexacerbationASMITHPEAR: Anemia Salt/Stress/Stoppingmeds MI Infection/Ischemia Thyroid(high/low) HTN Pericarditis Endocarditis(valvedisease) Arrhythmia data:text/html;charset=utf8,%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22_5pbx%20userContent%22%20dataft%3D%22%7B%26quot%3Btn%26quot%3B%3A%26qu…

6/41

05/01/2015

mrcp4all

Rx(betablocker,etc) >Murmurs:louderwithinspirationvsexpirationLEftsidedmurmurslouderwithExpiration RIghtsidedmurmurslouderwithInspiration. >Murmurs:questionstoaskSCRIPT: Site Character(egharsh,soft,blowing) Radiation Intensity Pitch Timing >Aorticregurgitation:causesCREAM: Congenital Rheumaticdamage Endocarditis Aorticdissection/Aorticrootdilatation Marfan's >Heartfailure:signsTAPEDTORCH: Tachycardia Ascites Pulsusalternans Elevatedjugularvenouspressure Displacedapexbeat Thirdheartsound Oedema Rightventricularheave Crepitationsorwheeze Hepatomegaly(tender) >Pericarditis:causesPRDIP,STUP: Postpericardiectomy Rheumaticfever Drugs(egisoniazid,hydralazine,procainalmide) Infection(egTB,coxsackie,strep) PE SLE/Scleroderma Tumours/Thyroiddisease Uraemia PostMI(includesDressler's) >Aorticdissection:riskfactorsABC: Atherosclerosis/Ageing/Aorticaneurysm Bloodpressurehigh/Baby(pregnancy) Connectivetissuedisorders(egMarfan's,EhlersDanlos)/Cysticmedialnecrosis >CHF:Leftsidedsystolicfailuresignsandsymptoms"LeftSystolicFailureCanHaveDialatedHeartCause OfPulmpnaryBackflow": Lossofhaironlegs Skincoldandclammy Fatigue data:text/html;charset=utf8,%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22_5pbx%20userContent%22%20dataft%3D%22%7B%26quot%3Btn%26quot%3B%3A%26qu…

7/41

05/01/2015

mrcp4all

Crackles Highheartrate Dyspnea HTN Cyanosis Orthopnea PinkSputum >AcuteCoronarySyndrome:initialtreatmentABCD: Aspirin Betablocker Coagulation(anticoagulationwithheparin/LMWHeparin) Doubleproductcontrol(decreaseheartrateandbloodpressure) >Heartfailure:causesHEARTFAILED: Hypertension Endocrine Anemia Rheumaticheartdisease Toxins Failuretotakemeds Arrythmia Infection Lung(PE,pneumonia) Electrolytes Diet >EKG:12leadEKGquickinterpretationofV1V6SSAALL: ·ElevationsmatchedwiththeirclassiclocationofMI: V1Septal V2Septal V3Anterior V4Anterior V5Lateral V6Lateral >Aorticregurgitation:causesMARRIS: Marfans Ankylosingspondylitis Rheumaticfever Rheumatoidarthritis Infectiveendocarditis Syphilis >Cardiomyopathy:categoriesCardiomyopathyisHARD: Hypertrophiccardiomyopathy Arrhythmogenicrightventricularcardiomyopathy Restrictivecardiomyopathy Dilatedcardiomyopathy

data:text/html;charset=utf8,%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22_5pbx%20userContent%22%20dataft%3D%22%7B%26quot%3Btn%26quot%3B%3A%26qu…

8/41

05/01/2015

mrcp4all

>Murmurs:innocentmurmurfeatures8S's: Soft Systolic Short Sounds(S1&S2)normal Symptomless Specialtestsnormal(Xray,EKG) Standing/Sitting(varywithposition) Sternaldepression >Murmurattributes"ILPQRST"(personhasillPQRSTheartwaves): Intensity Location Pitch Quality Radiation Shape Timing >Murmurs:locationsanddescriptions"MRSA$$": MRS:MitralRegurgitationSystolic A$$:AorticStenosisSystolic ·Theothertwomurmurs,MitralstenosisandAorticregurgitation,areobviouslydiastolic. >Betablockers:cardioselectivebetablockers"BetablockersActingExclusivelyAtMyocardium" ·Cardioselectivebetablockersare: Betaxolol Acebutelol Esmolol Atenolol Metoprolol >Apexbeat:abnormalitiesfoundonpalpation,causesofimpalpableHILT: Heaving Impalpable Laterallydisplaced Thrusting/Tapping ·Ifitisimpalpable,causesareCOPD: COPD Obesity Pleural,Pericardialeffusion Dextrocardia >MI:treatmentofacuteMICOAG: Cyclomorph Oxygen Aspirin Glyceroltrinitrate >Coronaryarterybypassgraft:indicationsDUST: Depressedventricularfunction Unstableangina data:text/html;charset=utf8,%3Cdiv%20class%3D%22_5pbx%20userContent%22%20dataft%3D%22%7B%26quot%3Btn%26quot%3B%3A%26qu…

9/41

05/01/2015

mrcp4all

Stenosisoftheleftmainstem Triplevesseldisease >Peripheralvascularinsufficiency:inspectioncriteriaSICVD: Symmetryoflegmusculature Integrityofskin Coloroftoenails Varicoseveins Distributionofhair >Rheumaticfever:RevisedJones'criteriaJONEScrITERIA: ·Majorcriteria: Joint(arthritis) Obvious(Cardiac) Nodule(Rheumatic) Erythemamarginatum Sydenhamchorea ·Minorcriteria: Inflammatorycells(leukocytosis) Temperature(fever) ESR/CRPelevated RaisedPRinterval Itself(previousHxofRheumaticfever) Arthralgi...