Veterinary Terminology Sheet PDF

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Veterinary Medical Terminology From Sirois: Principles and Practice of Veterinary Technology, 2nd Edition I. Introduction to word parts A. Prefix □ A syllable, a group of syllables, or a word joined to the beginning of another word to alter its meaning or create a new word B. Root word □ The “subject” part of the word consisting of a syllable, group of syllables, or word that is the basis (or word base) for the meaning of the medical word C. Combining forms □ A word or root word that may or may not use the connecting vowel o when it is used as an element in a medical word formation D. Combining vowel □ The vowel, usually an o, used to connect a word or root word to the appropriate suffix or to another root word E. Combining vowel added to a suffix □ A syllable, a group of syllables, or a word added at the end of a root word to change its meaning, give it grammatical function, or form a new word F. Compound word □ Two or more words or root words combined to make a new word II. Using word parts to form words A. Use of the prefix □ The prefix is attached to the beginning of the root word to form the altered or new word. B. Suffix □ The suffix is attached to the end of a root word to form the altered or new word. C. Compound word □ If the suffix begins with a consonant, use the combining vowel o with the root word (the combining form), to which the suffix will be added. © 2004 Mosby Inc. All rights reserved.

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□ Do not use the combining vowel o when the suffix begins with a vowel. □ If the suffix begins with the same vowel that the combining form ends with (minus the combining vowel o), do not repeat the vowel when forming the new word. D. Prefix and suffix □ No root word is used. The prefix is added directly to the suffix. E. Prefix, root word, and suffix □ Words are formed by adding both the prefix and suffix to the root word. III. Defining medical terms using word analysis □ Start at the end of the word (suffix) and work toward the beginning (prefix). IV. Combining forms for body parts (Body Parts are from Latin or Greek Roots) Combining Form

Body Part

abdomin/o

abdomen

adren/o, adrenal-

adrenal gland

angi/o

vessel

arteri/o

artery

arthr/o

joint

blephar/o

eyelid, eyelash

cardi/o

heart

cervic/o

cervix or neck of an organ

chol/o, chole-

bile

cholecyst/o

gallbladder

chondr/o

cartilage

col/o

colon

crani/o

cranium, skull

cyst/o

bladder

cyt/o

cell © 2004 Mosby Inc. All rights reserved.

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Combining Form

Body Part

dent/o

tooth, teeth

derm/o, dermat/o

skin

encephal/o

brain

enter/o

intestines

epididym/o

epididymis

esophag/o

esophagus

gastr/o

stomach

gloss/o

tongue

hem/o, hemat/o

blood

hepa-, hepat/o

liver

hyster/o

uterus

kerat/o

cornea or horny tissue

lapar/o

flank, abdomen

lip/o

fat

lymph/o

lymph

mast/o, mamm/o

mammary glands

mening/o

meninges

metr/o

uterus (inner lining)

muscul/o, my/o, myos-

muscle

myel/o

bone marrow/spinal cord

nephr/o

kidney, nephron

neur/o

nerve

ocul/o

eye

odont/o

tooth, teeth

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Combining Form

Body Part

onych/o

claw, hoof

ophthalm/o

eye

orchi/o, orchid/o

testes

oste/o

bone

ot/o

ear

peritone/o

peritoneum

phleb/o

vein

pneum/o

lung, air, breath

proct/o

rectum

pulmo-, pulmon/o

lung

ren/o

renal (kidney)

rhin/o

nose

spondyl/o

vertebra, spinal column

thorac/o

thorax

thyr/o, thyroid-

thyroid gland

tonsill/o

tonsil

trache/o

trachea

tympan/o

tympanum (middle ear)

urethr/o

urethra

ur/o

urine

uter/o

uterus

vagin/o

vagina

ven/o

vein

ventricul/o

ventricle

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Combining Form

Body Part

vertebr/o

vertebra

vulv/o

vulva

V. Suffixes for surgical procedures Suffix

Meaning

Example and Definition

-ectomy

to excise or surgically remove

CHOLecysTECtomy = surgical removal of the gallbladder

-tomy

to incise or cut into (making an incision)

LAPaROTomy = surgical incision into the abdomen

-stomy

to make a new, artificial opening in a hollow organ (to the outside of the body), or to make a new opening between two hollow organs

coLOStomy = surgical creation of a new opening between the colon and the outside of the body

-rrhaphy

to surgically repair by joining in a seam or by suturing together

HERniORRhaphy = surgical repair of a hernia

-pexy

fixation or suturing (a stabilizing type of repair)

GAStroPEXy = fixation of the stomach to the body wall

-plasty

to shape, the surgical formation of, or plastic surgery (“to improve function, to relieve pain, or for cosmetic reasons”)

CHEIloPLASty = plastic repair of the lips (to improve looks and function)

-centesis

to puncture, perforate, or tap, permitting withdrawal of fluid, air, etc.

abDOMinocenTEsis = surgical puncture of the abdomen to remove fluid from the peritoneal cavity

GAStroDUodeNOStomy = to create a new opening between the stomach and the duodenum

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VI. Suffixes for diseases or conditions Suffix

Meaning

Example and Definition

-iasis

infestation or infection with, a condition characterized by

acaRIasis = infestation with mites lithIasis = a condition characterized by formation of calculi

-ism

a state or condition, a fact of being, result of a process

hyperCORtiSONism = condition resulting from excessive cortisone

-itis

inflammation of

TONsilLItis = inflammation of the tonsils

-oma

tumor

LEIomyOMa = tumor of smooth muscles

-osis

abnormal condition or process of degeneration

nePHROsis = degenerative disease of the kidneys

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VII. Prefixes for diseases or conditions Prefix

Meaning

Example and Definition

a-, an-

without or not having

aNEmia = not having enough red blood cells

anti-

against

antibiOTic = drug that acts against bacteria

brady-

slow

BRAdyCARdia = excessively slow heart rate

contra-

against, opposed

CONtraINdiCAted = something that is not indicated

de-

remove, take away, loss of

deHYdrated = excessive loss of body water

dys-

difficult, troubled

dysPHAgia = difficulty eating or swallowing

hyper-

high, excessive

HYperTHERmia = body temperature higher than normal

hypo-

low, insufficient

HYpoTHERmia = body temperature lower than normal

mal-

bad, poor

MALoCCLUsion = poor fit of upper and lower teeth when jaws close

poly-

many, much

POLyPHAgia = excessive eating

py/o-

pus

PYoTHOrax = pus in the thoracic cavity

tachy-

fast, rapid

TACHyCARdia = excessively fast heart rate

VIII. Plural endings Singular

Plural

Example

-a

-ae

VERtebra, VERtebrae

-anx

-anges

PHAlanx, phaLANges

-en

-ina

LUmen, LUmina

-ex, -ix

-ices

Apex, Apices; CERvix, CERvices

-is

-es

TEStis, TEStes

-inx

-inges

MENinx, meNINges

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Singular

Plural

Example

-ma

-mata or -mas

ENema, ENeMAta or ENemas

-um

-a

Ovum, Ova

-ur

-ora

FEMur, FEMora

-us

-i

Uterus, Uteri

IX. Suffixes for instruments, procedures, and machines Suffix

Meaning

Example and Definition

-scope

instrument for examining, viewing, or listening

OtoSCOPE = instrument for looking into the ears

-scopy

act of examining or using the scope

LAPaROScopy = procedure of using a laparoscope to view the abdominal cavity

-tome

instrument for cutting, such as into smaller or thinner sections

MIcroTOME = instrument for cutting tissues into microthin slices or sections

-graph

instrument or machine that writes or records

ELECtroCARdiograph = machine that records electrical impulses produced by the beating heart

-graphy

procedure of using an instrument or machine to record

ELECtroCARdiOGraphy = procedure of using an electrocardiograph to produce an electrocardiogram

-gram

product, written record, “picture,” or graph produced

ELECtroCARdiogram (ECG, EKG) = graphic tracing of the electrical currents flowing through the beating heart

-meter

instrument or machine that measures or counts

TherMOmeter = instrument used to measure body temperature

-metry

procedure of measuring

doSIMetry = act of determining the amount, rate, and distribution of ionizing radiation

-imetry

X. Terms for direction, position, and movement □ CRAnial: Pertaining to the cranium or head end of the body, or denoting a position more toward the cranium or head end of the body than some other reference point (body part) © 2004 Mosby Inc. All rights reserved.

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□ CAUdal: Pertaining to the tail end of the body, or denoting a position more toward the tail or rear of the body than some other reference point (body part) □ ROStral: Pertaining to the nose end of the head or body, or toward the nose □ DORsal: Pertaining to the back area of a quadruped (animal with four legs), or denoting a position more toward the spine than some other reference point (body part) □ VENtral: Pertaining to the underside of a quadruped, or denoting a position more toward the abdomen than some other reference point (body part) □ MEdial: Denoting a position closer to the median plane of the body or a structure, toward the middle or median plane, or pertaining to the middle or a position closer to the median plane of the body or a structure □ LATeral: Denoting a position farther from the median plane of the body or a structure, on the side or toward the side away from the median plane, or pertaining to the side of the body or of a structure □ peRIPHeral: Pertaining to or situated near the periphery, the outermost part, or surface of an organ or part □ CENtral: Pertaining to or situated near the more proximal areas of the body or a structure; opposite of peripheral □ SUperFIcial: Situated near the surface of the body or a structure; opposite of deep □ deep: Situated away from the surface of the body or a structure; opposite of superficial □ adJAcent: Next to, adjoining, close □ PROXimal: Nearer to the center of the body, relative to another body part, or a location on a body part relative to another, more distant, location □ DIStal: Farther from the center of the body, relative to another body part or a location on a body part relative to another closer location □ obLIQUE: At an angle, or pertaining to an angle □ reCUMbent: Lying down; a modifying term is needed to describe the surface on which the animal is lying □ SUpine, SUpiNAtion: Lying faceup, in dorsal recumbency. Supination is the act of turning the body or a leg so that the ventral aspect is uppermost □ prone, proNAtion: Lying facedown, in ventral recumbency. Pronation is the act of turning the body or a leg so the ventral aspect is down □ PALmar: The caudal surface of the front foot distal to the antebrachiocarpal joint; also pertains to the undersurface of the front foot © 2004 Mosby Inc. All rights reserved.

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□ PLANtar: The caudal surface of the back foot distal to the tarsocrural joint; also pertains to the undersurface of the rear foot □ abDUCtion: Movement of a limb or part away from the median line or middle of the body □ adDUCtion: Movement of a limb or part toward the median line or middle of the body □ FLEXion: The act of bending, such as a joint □ exTENsion: The act of straightening, such as a joint; also, the act of pulling two component parts apart to lengthen the whole part XI. Dental terminology □ ocCLUsal: The chewing or biting surface of teeth; toward the plane between the mandibular and maxillary teeth □ BUccal: Toward the cheek; tooth surface toward the cheek □ LINGual: Pertaining to the tongue; tooth surface toward the tongue □ CONtact: Surface of a tooth facing an adjacent or opposing tooth □ MEsial: Surface of a tooth closest to the midline of the dental arcade

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