Medical Terminology PDF

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Medical terminology...

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Medical Terminology There are three basic parts to medical terms: a word root (usually the middle of the word and its central meaning), a prefix (comes at the beginning and usually identifies some subdivision or part of the central meaning), and a suffix (comes at the end and modifies the central meaning as to what or who is interacting with it or what is happening to it). Word Roots: o Therm = heat  Ex. Thermometer; hypothermia o Myo = muscle  Ex. MYOcarditis o Card = heart  Ex. myCARDitis o -itis = inflammation  Ex. tonsillitis, appendicitis o -oma = a swelling  Ex. MelanOMA o Peri = outer layer  Ex. PERIcarditis o Endo = inner layer  Ex. ENDOcarditis o -ology/-ologist = study; specialize in  Ex. oncOLOGY, radiOLOGIST o -myopathy = damage to a muscle  Ex. cardioMYOPATHY o Mega/-megaly = enlarged  Ex. cardioMEGALY o -osis = abnormal condition  Ex. CyanOSIS o -ectomy = to cut out (remove)  Ex. tonsillECTOMY; appendECTOMY o -otomy = to cut into  Ex. tracheOTOMY o -ostomy = to make a permanent opening (“mouth”)  Ex. ColOSTOMY o A/an = without; none  Ex. Anemia o Micro = small  Ex. MICROstomia o Macro = large  Ex. MACROstomia

-scopy/-scopic = to look; observe  Ex. colonoSCOPY, endoSCOPIC o -graphy/-graphy = recording an image  Ex. sonoGRAPH, mammoGRAPHY o -gram = the image (X-ray)  Ex. mammoGRAM Word Roots for Organs: o Stomato = mouth o Dento = teeth o Glosso/linguo = tongue o Gingivo = gums o Encephalo = brain o Gastro = stomach o Entero = intestine o Colo = large intestine o Procto = anus/rectum o Hepato = liver o Nephro/rene = kidney o Orchido = testis o Oophoro = ovary o Hystero/metro = uterus o Salpingo = uterine tubes o Dermo = skin o Masto/mammo = breasts o Osteo = bones o Cardio = heart o Cysto = bladder o Rhino = nose o Phlebo/veno = veins o Pneumo/Pulmo = lungs o Hemo/emia = blood Technicolor Terms: o Leuk/o = white o Melan/o = black o Cyan/o = blue o Xanth/o = yellow o

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Tumor Talk: o Aden/o = gland o Lip/o = fat o My/o = muscle o Lymph/o = lymph tissue o Carcin/o = malignant (cancerous) o Osteo/o = bone Locations: o Endo = within; inside of o Peri = around o Circum = around o Retro = behind o Epi = upon; on top o Trans = through o Intra = within o Sub = below Circulatory System Terms: o Cardi/o = heart o Brady/tachy = slow/fast o Angi/o = vessel o Veno/phlebo = vein o -stasis = to stop o -cyte = cell o -emia or Hem/o = blood Nervous System Terms: o Cephal/o = head o Encephal/o = inside the head o Mening/o = membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord o Myel/o = spinal cord o Neur/o = nerve o Dys = difficult; painful; abnormal o -cele = hernia; abnormal protrusion of structure out of normal anatomical position o -pathy = disease; abnormality o -plasia = development; formation; growth o -plegia = paralysis

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Digestive System Terms: o Gastr/o = stomach o Hepat/o = liver o Chol/e = gall; bile o Cyst/o = bladder; sac o Emes/o = vomit o Lith/o = stone o Lapar/o = Abdominal wall o -centesis = to puncture o -tripsy = to crush o -rrhea = flow; discharge o -iasis/-osis = abnormal condition o Cirr = degeneration Respiratory System Terms: o Rhin/o = nose o Laryng/o = larynx (voice box) o Trache/o = trachea (windpipe) o Bronch/o = lung air passageways o Pne/u or -pnea = breath; air; lung o Pulmo/o = lung o -ptysis = spitting; coughing o -plasty = reconstruction Urinary System Terms: o Nephr/o or ren/o = kindey o Hydro/o = water o Cyst/o = bladder o Ur/o or -uria = urine o Olig/o = scanty; less than normal o -pexy = To surgically reattach/ fix in normal position Male Reproductive System Terms: o Orchid/o or test/o = testes (male gonad) o Balan/o = head of the penis o Andr/o = male o Prostat/o = prostate o Vas/o = vessel; duct o -rrhaphy = to suture Female Reproductive System Terms:

Hyster/o or metr/o = uterus o Salping/o or salpinx = Uterine tube o Colp/o = vagina o Oophor/o = ovary o Men/o = menstruation o Mamm/o or mast/o = breast o -pareunia or coitus = intercourse Female Reproductive System - Terms of Pregnancy: o -gravida = pregnancy o -para = live birth o Part/o or toc/o = labor/birth/delivery Musculoskeletal System Terms: o Oste/o = bone o Chondr/o = cartilage o Arthr/o = joint o Myel/o = bone marrow o Ten/o or tendin/o = tendons (binds muscle to bone) o Ligament/o = ligament (binds bone to bone) o Burs/o = bursa “bag” (shock absorber between tendons and bones) o My/o or myos/o = muscle o -malacia = softening o -porosis = porous o -asthenia = weakness; loss of strength o -trophy = development; stimulation; maintenance o -algia or algesia = pain Cancer Terms: Good Vs. Bad o

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Good News:  Benign  Low-grade  Radiosensitive  No metastases  Well differentiated  Negative nodes  In remission  Surgically resectable Bad News:  Malignant  High-grade  Radioresistant  Metastases

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Poorly differentiated Positive nodes Relapse Inoperable...