CASE Study Ms.Winnie 33yrs old Woman PDF

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07/24/2021 Online clinicals Dr.Iris Hubson

Alexander Lawrence 12/01 LVN

CASE STUDY Ms.Winnie 33yrs old Woman

Ms. Winnie is a 33-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department. She states, “I have been so sick. It must be the flu. Everyone at work has it. I am achy and tired. I keep vomiting and have not been able to keep anything down for the past three days. After a while, it is just these violent dry heaves since there is nothing more in my stomach to throw up. Tonight, I vomited twice within three hours and it was red like blood. I got scared and came in.” Case Study Ms. Winnie’s vital signs are BP 110/60, HR 88, RR 20, temperature 100.5°F (38°C). Her skin is clammy and pale. Lab results are WBC 11,800 cells/mm3, RBC 3.31 million/μL, Hgb 11 g/dL, Hct 34%, platelets 150,000 mm3, K 3.8 mEq/L, Na 140 mEq/L. An electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG) shows normal sinus rhythm. A kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB) abdominal X-ray is done, and she will have an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) at 7:00 a.m. the next day. She is admitted with the diagnosis of probable upper GI bleed. Ms. Winnie expresses concern to the nurse, “Do you think I’ll be in the hospital long? I have been managing an important project for the past few months at the company I work for, and although my boss has been pretty understanding about me being out sick for the past few days, there is an important deadline coming up next week. Being in the hospital for long may jeopardize my job.” She is started on intravenous (IV) fluids of normal saline (NS) at 100 mL per hour. Pantoprazole continuous IV drip and prochlorperazine as needed for nausea and vomiting are prescribed. Ms. Winnie is to have strict monitoring of her intake and output and her vital signs assessed every two hours. She will be on bed rest. Her stools are to be tested for occult blood. She will have a complete blood count (CBC) assessed every six hours. Results of the KUB are reported as a nonspecific gas pattern with moderate amount of stool throughout the colon with no acute abnormality noted. The EGD reveals a normal duodenum with no vascular anomalies, ulceration, or inflammation. There is a normal appearing gastric mucosa with no erosive changes, ulcer, or mass. A small Mallory-Weiss tear is noted. 1.The nurse asks Ms. Winnie if she takes any Medi-cations at home. Ms. Winnie states, “I take Ortho Tri-Cyclen once a day and I was taking Advil three to four times a day for the aches and pains of being sick.” Should the nurse suggest to the health care provider that these two medications be included in Ms. Winnie’s admission orders? Ortho Tri-Cyclen may be continued but Advil should be discontinued because it is a contributor to Ms. Winnie’s GI problem.

2.Identify four nursing diagnoses that are appropriate for Ms. Winnie upon admission. Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than body requirements r/t unable to eat abed NPO for 8 hrs. before EGD. Anxiety r/t acute illness made the patient worried about her job and the project. Deficient Fluid Volume r/t vomit and diarrhea. Risk for bleeding r/t GI disorder abed low RBC, Hgb and HCT. 3.Which lab results are abnormal and what is the significance of the abnormal results in Ms. Winnie’s case? WBC 11,800 cell/mm (4.5 – 11.0) Infection -Hgb1 1 g/dL(13.5 – 17.5)Low could be sign of bleeding, anemia-Hct 34% (39% -49%) Low could be sign of bleeding, anemia-RBC 3.31 million/uL (4.3 – 5.7) bleeding, anemia These lab values indicate possible bleeding, infection and anemia. 4.Distinguish between the characteristics of upper and lower GI bleeding. Upper GI bleed. Symptoms include hematemesis or melena. Hematemesis – blood in vomitus or gastric aspirate – may be bright red (indicating fresh bleeding) or the color of coffee grounds (indicating older blood decomposed by gastric hydrochloric acid). Hematemesis almost always reflects upper GI bleeding. Lower GI bleed. Symptoms include hematochezia or maroon or black stools. Hematochezia – bright red blood passed rectally – usually indicates lower GI (primarily colonic) bleeding. Maroon stools, formed from gross blood combined with melena, usually indicate bleeding distal to the duodenum. 5.It is 1:00 a.m. and Ms. Winnie is settled into her room on the nursing unit. She asks the nurse, “Do you have some saltine crackers and ginger ale to try and help settle my stomach?” Should the nurse give Ms. Winnie something to eat? Ms. Winnie has been diagnosed with probable upper GI bleed. She also complains of frequent vomiting with normal duodenum and colon. This indicates she may have a problem though no erosion of gastric mucosa was seen. In this condition it is advisable for the Patient to give nutrition through IV route or nasogastric tube rather than oral eating. Because that may precipitate further vomiting episodes. Still her condition stabilizes she shouldn't be given any saltine crackers or ginger ale. 6.The nurse recognizes the scenario in Question 5 as a teaching opportunity. How might the nurse explain why an EGD has been prescribed for Ms. Winnie and what she can expect during the procedure? Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a procedure done to visualize stomach and duodenum for any obvious pathology. Like peptic ulcer, any bleeding esophageal varices etc. Nurse can tell

her that it's a harmless procedure by which Ms. Winnie's upper GI tract will be visualized to find the cause of bleeding or any other pathology. She can experience a little bit of irritation, nothing more. 7.What are the nursing responsibilities after Ms. Winnie has the EGD and returns to her room? The responsibility of nurse after Ms. Winnie returns are 1.Answering Winnie's questions and addressing her all concerns regarding the procedure. 2.Observing her vital signs. 3. Recovering her after procedures. 4.continue the medication as advised by the doctor. 8.Discuss the Mallory-Weiss tear found during Ms. Winnie’s EGD. What is a Mallory-Weiss tear? What are the common symptoms of a Mallory-Weiss tear and what causes it? Mallory Weiss tear- Mallory-Weiss tear is a tear of the tissue of lower esophagus. Which is most often caused by violent coughing or vomiting. Symptoms1.Vomiting blood that is bright red or that looks like coffee grounds. 2.Black or tar stools. 3.Weakness, dizziness, faintness 4. Breathlessness 5. Diarrhea 6. Paleness 7. Cold clammy extremities. 9.Which factors determine if blood products will be administered to a client with GI tract bleeding secondary to a Mallory-Weiss tear? There are certain criteria for giving blood products to a patient of upper GI bleed. 1. Hb level...