CBCT2203 Basic Concepts of Information Technology (Latest) PDF

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BACHELOR IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT WITH HONOURS

MAY 2020

CBCT2203 BASIC CONCEPTS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

MATRICULATION NO.

:

841020145087001

IDENTITY CARD NO.

:

841020145087

TELEPHONE NO.

:

0162330502

E-MAIL

:

[email protected]

LEARNING CENTRE

:

BANGI LEARNING CENTRE

TABLE OF CONTENT 1.0

Introduction…….....…………………………………………………………………..3 1.1

Implementation of IT in Malaysia…………………………………………….3 1.1.1 ICT in Malaysia’s education sectors………..………………………...4 1.1.1.1 Benefits of applying IT in education………………………….4 1.1.1.2 Challenges of IT application in education…………………….6 1.1.2 ICT in Malaysia’s banking sectors……………………………………7 1.1.2.1 Benefits of applying IT in banking …………………………...7

2.0

IT and transportation in Malaysia………..……………………………...….…………8 2.1

3.0

Benefits of IT application in transportation…………………………………...8

IT Usages in Transportation and Government Sectors in Malaysia..............................9 3.1 Where Can Use Touch ‘n Go Cards………………………………………………10 3.2 The benefits and advantages of usages..…………………………………………..11 3.3 The requirements of the system or application……………………………………11

4.0 References…………………………………………………………………………………12

2

1.0 Introduction In this assignment, I will discuss the importance and implementation of Information Technology (IT) in Malaysia as follows: -

implementation of IT in Malaysia,

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IT development in Malaysia,

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the importance of IT in the transport and government sectors in Malaysia,

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the impact of IT on the transport and government sectors in Malaysia,

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introduction and background of applications or systems for the transport and government sectors,

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benefits, needs and benefits of using applications or systems for the transport and government sectors

1.1 Implementation of IT in Malaysia The MSC has ambitious plans to transform rubber and oil palm plantations into Silicon Valley in Southeast Asia bound by optical fiber networks, which provide high-speed computer connections between Cyberjaya, Kuala Lumpur, KLIA and a new administrative capital under construction called Putrajaya. In total, Malaysia has invested a total of RM48 billion in large investments for the MSC which is considered Malaysia's stepping stone to developed country status by 2020. The Malaysian government has set a target to attract 50 world-class companies to the MSC by 2003.

The existence of the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) which focuses on economic change from agriculture to industrial economy. The MSC also focuses on health, education, governance and production by creating a framework for a knowledgeable society. MSC delivers more projects to the services sector. From traders to consumers - from microchip designers to electricity suppliers, from television and film production locations to Internet service providers, it can be developed in every corridor. Former Prime Minister of Malaysia Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad described the corridor as a "global test platform" for new government roles, new cyber laws and guarantees, collaboration between governments and firms, companies and companies, new broadcasting, new types of entertainment, education and delivery of health care. 3

Among the sectors that have been implemented in the IT program are: 1.1.1 ICT in Malaysia’s education sector 1.1.2 ICT in Malaysia’s banking sector

1.1.1 ICT In Malaysia’s Education Sector One of the areas that has a fairly high impact with the development of IT is in the field of education. The advancement of modern technology is one of the factors that also influence the rapid reform taking place in the world of education. IT has changed the way humans work. DeMartino, D. J., & Prinz, A. M. (1998) state that “Technology can make our lives easier. Everyday tasks are simplified”. He stated how technology can facilitate tasks as well as improve teacher performance such as the use of technology for management work and teaching and learning work. The government through the MSC also focuses on the field of education by paying close attention to the matter as it realizes the fact of the role and function that technology can play in education. The government is confident that technology can help achieve the goals and objectives of education to make the learning and teaching process (PdP) more effective and meaningful, Yelland, N. et.all. (1997) says that technology can provide opportunities for children to improve the learning process. Bailey, D.H. (1996) says that multimedia is a new technology that can provide many development benefits to the world of education. Development is meant to be learning that is implemented by collecting certain meaningful parts of the student's life.

1.1.1.1 Benefits of Applying IT in Education Now in an era of increasingly sophisticated worlds of science and technology, computers may take over the role of books in storing and disseminating knowledge to the public. In other words computers will change the way we learn and the way we store knowledge. Related matters such as student registration, class scheduling, processing of exam results, personal storage of students and teachers can be implemented by computers effectively and quickly in assisting the administration. SPM and STPM results are also processed and can be accessed using a computer. Therefore, computer technology is now very much emphasized in the field of education to assist 4

in the process of administration, research, and what is important is to facilitate and assist students and teachers in the process of teaching and learning. The field of education has developed well in terms of imparting knowledge to students who provide their own facilities and benefits. This can be proven by the result of the idea of E-Learning which is based on the delivery of learning using an internet browser means learning using electronic aids using computers. It is widely used in learning environments especially at higher levels such as in universities. E-Learning is also often referred to as an 'on-line course'. With the help of E-Learning, students can easily take notes or enjoy facilities such as sending e-mails to lecturers as lesson assignments easily and effectively. There are several examples that can be shown here related to the application of IT in education such as: a) Computer-based Training (CBT) CBT is a computer-based educational process that uses CD-ROM and disk-based media as educational media. By utilizing this media, a CD ROM can contain useful and important elements such as video clips, animation, graphics, sound, multimedia and application programs that will be used by learners in their education. With CBT, the educational process through the classroom can still be implemented with the help. Therefore, the educational process will take place perfectly and effectively.

b) Web-based training (WBT) Web-based training (WBT) can also be defined as e-learning. This method uses a computer as a channel to surf the internet. Students can obtain relevant information by simply accessing the internet to do research or learning assignments. In conclusion, the use of multimedia in the field of education brings various benefits that can help students and educators to improve the quality of learning quickly and effectively.

c) Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) 5

There are various definitions of opposition to virtual learning and vary according to the perspective in which the virtual learning is implemented. Virtual learning is also often associated with other terms and concepts such as e-learning, online learning (on-line learning), distance learning, web-based learning and so on. According to. Mohaiadin, J. (2000) virtual learning is a pattern of acquiring knowledge or education using a system of teaching delivery approach to enable permanent change in an individual in terms of mental, thought, concept, attitude and behavior through specific experiences managed through an online system (online) which manages learning, provides knowledge / information transmission mechanism, monitoring student performance, assessment and access to immediate teaching and learning resources.

One of the best examples where IT is applied in the field of education is where the university Open

University

Malaysia

which

creates

a

myVLE

network

through

the

portal

www.oum.edu.my/ for students and teaching staff in making any reference or discussion or management related to learning. The government also took the initiative through the national transformation program which created http://1bestarinet.net/, under the initiative project of the Ministry of Education Malaysia (MOE) Vision 1BestariNet is to change the education platform in Malaysia and bridge the digital divide between urban and rural students with provide quality internet-based education to all Malaysians.

1.1.1.2 Challenges of IT Application in Education When teachers are not efficient in using ICT equipment such as LCD transmitters and laptops, this will cause problems. Some incompetent teachers take a long time to prepare the equipment before starting the teaching process. The lack of time also prevents teachers from preparing for tools that involve the use of technology. In addition, the basic knowledge of technology is very important for all technology users in the field of education for the smoothness and achievement of IT goals themselves.

1.1.2 ICT In The Malaysia’s Banking Sectors

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Technological change has had a profound impact on global economic development. As we see today IT is very fast growing and increasingly needed by society. Most industries, including banking, are also feeling the pinch. With the advancement of information technology, technology-laden banking institutions have followed and used this technology as part of its service system known as electronic banking. Therefore, there are alternative channels of banking services through electronic banking such as Automated Teller Machines (ATM), phone-banking, PC-banking and internet banking as facilitators. Now, with the availability of internet facilities it has opened up opportunities for individual customers to "set up a bank branch" in their respective homes. In other words, customers do not need to go to the bank to make financial transactions, it is enough to access the internet at home only. They also do not need to follow certain procedures such as filling out forms according to the type of transaction or long queues to wait their turn.Vijayan & Shanmugam, B. (2004). 1.1.2.1 Benefits of IT Application in Banking Through the latest IT, internet banking is not only profitable for many bank customers but also profitable on behalf of the bank itself. With the increasing use of internet banking today, bank customers do not have to come to the bank to save, withdraw, or simply check their balance of money. The various facilities offered by online banking today can already be utilized by most customers, because now IT can be enjoyed by most of the community regardless of the community. Apart from the above advantages offered by internet banking, other advantages are transferring money to another account with internet banking, paying monthly bills, topping up prepaid cards online from internet banking, even selling / buying goods can also be done online. Customers can buy something just by accessing the internet and using internet banking from their respective banks. All of this is done online and indirectly the bank will be more practical in serving customers making transactions. If the customer makes a transaction using the online banking facility, then the bank teller does not have to serve the customer manually, the number of customers who come to the bank to make regular transactions will decrease and this will make the bank more profit. In conclusion, the more customers who use online banking, the more profitable the bank will be.

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2.0 IT and transportation in Malaysia The field of transportation uses IT to facilitate jobs. Roads are fitted with various sensors that give orders to the central computer to facilitate the operation of certain roads in regulating traffic lights. The same goes for ticket sales at public transport terminals and online ticket purchases. All these field activities are inseparable from the use of IT. The field of transportation provides a comprehensive integrated IT system to stimulate demand to attract people to use public transport. Land public transport performance is monitored through the use of CCTV and GPS detectors. The naval navigation system is very helpful with computers and satellite navigation so that the direction and destination of the ship can be determined precisely. As with sea transport, air transport is highly dependent on the help of computer systems. The computer system in the steering wheel is used to control the aircraft from takeoff to landing. With computer systems, pilots can control the operation of the aircraft, determine the position of the aircraft, calculate altitude, control the speed, know the fuel, and even accurately detect weather conditions that can endanger the aircraft. 2.1 Benefits of IT Application in transportation According to Maarof, MA (2004), there are many advances in the field of transportation and communications in Malaysia that apply IT, such as Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) which is the largest airport in Malaysia and is one of the most important flights in the Southeast Asian region. equipped with the latest technological facilities aimed at providing maximum comfort and safety to passengers. Light Transit System (LRT), KTM, PUTRA, and MonoRail are also involved in applying progress with the ticket purchase system online or through machines as well as over-the-counter purchases (Schwarcz, S.2003). In addition, transportation systems such as the Light Transit System (LRT), KTM, monorail and PUTRA save time, money and energy for foreign consumers and tourists heading to their destinations. Advances in technology have enabled the SMART Tunnel to be built in Kuala Lumpur in 2007. The SMART Tunnel is the longest water diversion in Southeast Asia and has a 9.7 kilometer road and drainage structure. The construction of this tunnel aims to solve the problem of flash floods in Kuala Lumpur (Ali Munir, H.2004)

In addition, the Information Management Division was established in the

Ministry of Transport (MOT) on 1 October 2008 to replace the Information Technology Unit. This formation is in line with the MOT restructuring program which takes into account the 8

increasing number of users and current needs of ICT, ICT governance and is responsible for determining policy directions and strategies for ICT development as well as monitoring agency ICT programs. The technology-based project that has been carried out in this department is the use of AES CCTV cameras installed on the main roads in Malaysia. Projects that Malaysians initially objected to working with the police to make Malaysian roads and highways safer. AES or Automatic Enforcement System is a road safety enforcement system to monitor all federal roads, highways and highways in Malaysia. The system started operating on September 22, 2012. The Automatic Enforcement System (AES) operates to catch drivers who violate speed limits and jump traffic lights. For cameras that record the fault of a person jumping a traffic light, the warning sign is located at 50 to 500m of traffic light. For the first phase of AES, 14 cameras were installed in Perak, Selangor, Putrajaya and Kuala Lumpur, with 10 cameras to capture speed limit breakers and four to catch those jumping traffic lights. The implementation of AES on Malaysian roads can be said to be successful and achieve its goals. As of June 11, 2013, a total of RM20 Million was successfully collected by the government from a total of 673,339 summonses issued. That's around RM10 million a month. Under 673,339 summonses, 628,045 summonses were recorded as speed violations and the remaining 45,294 due to traffic light violations.

3.0 IT Usages in Transportation and Government Sectors in Malaysia The use of Smart Card (Touch n Go) and e-Wallet in Transportation and Government Sectors has been implemented and widely used in every sectors in Malaysia. TnG or Touch n Go card is a piece of prepaid card that uses contactless technology, as the name implies. The information contained in this card is read through magnetic induction using special radio frequencies and smart card software. This card is one of the payment methods in parking, highway toll, public transport, and others. While for e-wallet, it acts like how a normal wallet does – except that the money is digital and the e-wallet exists as an app in your phone. Like with a normal wallet, you need to put funds into your e-wallet – and most apps allow you to do so using credit cards, debit cards, or online bank transfers. Once you have money in your e-wallet, you can use it to pay at 9

merchants by a variety of ways including scanning a QR code, “tap and pay” with the phone’s NFC function, or for some e-wallets, through its accompanying physical card. Most e-wallets also let you instantly transfer money to friends who use the e-wallet directly within the app. Touch ‘n Go Sdn Bhd began operations in October 1996, with the Touch‘ n Go service launched in March 1997 on the Metramac and PLUS Highways. This company is the only Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) operator in Malaysia. TnG cards are also accepted as the Common Ticketing System (CTS) for major public transport in the Klang Valley. As a private limited company, the shareholders of TnG Sdn Bhd include CIMB Group Holdings Berhad, MTD Capital Berhad and PLUS Expressways Berhad.

3.1 Where Can Use Touch ‘n Go Cards? Toll Use the TnG route on the highway to make payment. This function is the most widely used function.

Public transportation TnG cards can be used on Monorail, LRT, KTM, MRT, and bus. All you have to do is touch the card at the entrance, and the value of the card will be deducted. Typically, the use of TnG cards in public transport will provide a savings of 10% cheaper than tickets purchased in cash.

Car Park Managed by Private and Municipal Council More parking in supermarkets, hospitals, and hotels now accepts payments by TnG card. Many drivers now choose to pay using TnG because there is no need to queue at the payment machine. Do not forget to make sure your TnG card has sufficient balance, as payment using TnG will incur additional charges. For selected state e.g. Majlis Perbandaran Subang Jaya (MPSJ), it is compulsory to pay parking via touch n go. Otherwise, they have to purchase parking coupon at selected stores. 10

3.2 The benefits and advantages of usages E-wallets have a lot of advantages to offer its users. Firstly, digitalising money offers several inherent benefits: it’s more secure, convenient, and speeds up transactions compared to physical cash. Digital transactions are more reliable to be tracked, which reduces potential instances of fraud. Plus, all e-wallets require some form of verification before payment, which means even if someone steals your phone, they can’t steal the money in your e-wallet apps. In addition, with so many e-wallets in the country, each one offers some perks to encourage usage of their e-wallet. This may come in the form of instant cashback, rewards points, and even daily or weekly challenges that yield more rewards when completed. Let’s also not forget that some e-wallets let you reload using your credit cards, allowing you to enjoy double the...