CCNA Exploration Course Booklet LAN Switching and Wireless%2c Version 4 PDF

Preview

Summary

practics de la ccna para hacer redes. de informatica para sacarte el certificado CCNA...

Description

Course Booklet

CCNA Exploration LAN Switching and Wireless Version 4.0

ciscopress.com

ii

CCNA Exploration Course Booklet: LAN Switching and Wireless, Version 4.0

CCNA Exploration Course Booklet LAN Switching and Wireless, Version 4.0 Cisco Networking Academy Copyright© 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. Published by: Cisco Press 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis, IN 46240 USA

Publisher Paul Boger Associate Publisher Dave Dusthimer Cisco Representative Erik Ullanderson Cisco Press Program Manager Anand Sundaram Executive Editor Mary Beth Ray

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review.

Managing Editor Patrick Kanouse

Printed in the United States of America

Editorial Assistant Vanessa Evans

First Printing September 2009 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available upon request ISBN-13: 978-1-58713-254-4 ISBN-10: 1-58713-254-0

Warning and Disclaimer This book is designed to provide information about LAN switching and wireless. Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information is provided on an “as is” basis. The authors, Cisco Press, and Cisco Systems, Inc. shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book or from the use of the discs or programs that may accompany it. The opinions expressed in this book belong to the author and are not necessarily those of Cisco Systems, Inc.

Project Editor Bethany Wall

Cover Designer Louisa Adair Composition Mark Shirar

iii

Trademark Acknowledgments All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Cisco Press or Cisco Systems, Inc., cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.

Feedback Information At Cisco Press, our goal is to create in-depth technical books of the highest quality and value. Each book is crafted with care and precision, undergoing rigorous development that involves the unique expertise of members from the professional technical community. Readers’ feedback is a natural continuation of this process. If you have any comments regarding how we could improve the quality of this book, or otherwise alter it to better suit your needs, you can contact us through email at [email protected]. Please make sure to include the book title and ISBN in your message. We greatly appreciate your assistance.

Americas Headquarters Cisco Systems, Inc. San Jose, CA

Asia Pacific Headquarters Cisco Systems (USA) Pte. Ltd. Singapore

Europe Headquarters Cisco Systems International BV Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Cisco has more than 200 offices worldwide. Addresses, phone numbers, and fax numbers are listed on the Cisco Website at www.cisco.com/go/offices. CCDE, CCENT, Cisco Eos, Cisc o HealthPresence, the Cisc o logo, Cisco Lumin, Cisco Nexus, Cisco StadiumVision, Cisco TelePresence, Cisc o WebEx, DCE, and Welcome to the Human Network are trademarks; Changing the Way We Work , Live, Play, and Learn and Cisco Store are ser vice marks; and Access Registrar, Aironet, AsyncOS, Bringing the Meeting To You, Catalyst, CCDA, CCDP, CCIE, CCIP, CCNA , CCNP, CCSP, CCVP, Cis co, the Cisco Cer tified Internetwork Exper t logo, Cisco IOS, Cisc o Press, Cisco Systems, Cisco Systems Capital, the Cisco Systems logo, Cisco Unit y, Collaboration Without Limitation, EtherFast, EtherSwitch, Event Center, Fast Step, Follow Me Browsing, FormShare, GigaDrive, HomeLink, Internet Quotient , IOS, iPhone, iQuick Study, IronPort , the IronPort logo, LightStream, Linksys, MediaTone, MeetingPlace, MeetingPlace Chime Sound, MGX, Networkers, Networking Academy, Network Registrar, PCNow, PIX, PowerPanels, ProConnect, ScriptShare, SenderBase, SMARTnet, Spectrum Expert , StackWise, The Fastest Way to Increase Your Internet Quotient, TransPath, WebEx, and the WebEx logo are registered trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the United States and c ertain other countries. All other trademarks mentioned in this document or website are the propert y of their respective owners. The use of the word partner does not imply a par tnership relationship between Cisc o and any other company. (0812R)

iv

CCNA Exploration Course Booklet: LAN Switching and Wireless, Version 4.0

Contents at a Glance Introduction

1

Chapter 1

LAN Design

5

Chapter 2

Basic Switch Concepts and Configuration

Chapter 3

VLANs

Chapter 4

VTP

95

Chapter 5

STP

113

Chapter 6

Inter-VLAN Routing

Chapter 7

Basic Wireless Concepts and Configuration

Glossary

191

29

71

147 165

v

Contents

Chapter 1

Introduction

1

LAN Design

5

Chapter Introduction

5

1.1 Switched LAN Architecture

5

1.1.1 The Hierarchical Network Model

5

1.1.2 Principles of Hierarchical Network Design 1.1.3 What is a Converged Network?

8

9

1.2 Matching Switches to Specific LAN Functions

11

1.2.1 Considerations for Hierarchical Network Switches 11 1.2.2 Switch Features 14 1.2.3 Switch Features in a Hierarchical Network 17 1.2.4 Switches for Small and Medium Sized Business (SMB) 1.3 Chapter Labs

24

1.3.1 Review of Concepts from Exploration 1

24

1.3.2 Review of Concepts from Exploration 1 - Challenge 1.3.3 Troubleshooting a Small Network 24 Chapter Summary Chapter Quiz

Chapter 2

24

26

26

Basic Switch Concepts and Configuration Chapter Introduction 29 2.1 Introduction to Ethernet/802.3 LANs

29

29

2.1.1 Key Elements of Ethernet/802.3 Networks 29 2.1.2 Design Considerations for Ethernet/802.3 Networks 34 2.1.3 LAN Design Considerations 37 2.2 Forwarding Frames using a Switch

38

2.2.1 Switch Forwarding Methods 38 2.2.2 Symmetric and Asymmetric Switching 39 2.2.3 Memory Buffering 40 2.2.4 Layer 2 and Layer 3 Switching 40 2.3 Switch Management Configuration

41

2.3.1 Navigating Command-Line Interface Modes 41 2.3.2 Using the Help Facility 43 2.3.3 Accessing the Command History 43 2.3.4 The Switch Boot Sequence 44 2.3.5 Prepare to Configure the Switch 45 2.3.6 Basic Switch Configuration

45

2.3.7 Verifying Switch Configuration 2.3.8 Basic Switch Management 49

48

20

vi

CCNA Exploration Course Booklet: LAN Switching and Wireless, Version 4.0 2.4 Configuring Switch Security

51

2.4.1 Configure Password Options 51 2.4.2 Login Banners 55 2.4.3 Configure Telnet and SSH 56 2.4.4 Common Security Attacks 58 2.4.5 Security Tools 62 2.4.6 Configuring Port Security 63 2.4.7 Securing Unused Ports 66 2.5 Chapter Labs

67

2.5.1 Basic Switch Configuration

67

2.5.2 Managing Switch Operating System and Configuration Files 67 2.5.3 Managing Switch Operating System and Configuration Files - Challenge 67 Chapter Summary Chapter Quiz

Chapter 3

VLANs

68

68

71

Chapter Introduction

71

3.1 Introducing VLANs

71

3.1.1 Introducing VLANs 71 3.1.2 Types of VLANs 73 3.1.3 Switch Port Membership Modes 76 3.1.4 Controlling Broadcast Domains with VLANs 77 3.2 VLAN Trunking

80

3.2.1 VLAN Trunks 80 3.2.2 Trunking Operation

82

3.2.3 Trunking Modes 82 3.3 Configure VLANs and Trunks

84

3.3.1 Configuring VLANs and Trunks Overview 84 3.3.2 Configure a VLAN 84 3.3.3 Managing VLANs 85 3.3.4 Configure a Trunk

87

3.4 Troubleshooting VLANs and Trunks

88

3.4.1 Common Problems with Trunks 88 3.4.2 A Common Problem with VLAN Configurations 90 3.5 Chapter Labs

90

3.5.1 Basic VLAN Configuration

90

3.5.2 Challenge VLAN Configuration

90

3.5.3 Troubleshooting VLAN Configurations 91 Chapter Summary Chapter Quiz

92

92

vii

Chapter 4

VTP

95

Introduction

95

4.1 VTP Concepts

95

4.1.1 What is VTP? 95 4.2 VTP Operation

97

4.2.1 Default VTP Configuration

97

4.2.2 VTP Domains 98 4.2.3 VTP Advertising 98 4.2.4 VTP Modes 101 4.2.5 VTP Pruning 103 4.3 Configure VTP

103

4.3.1 Configuring VTP

104

4.3.2 Troubleshooting VTP Configurations 106 4.3.3 Managing VLANs on a VTP Server 4.4 Chapter Labs

109

4.4.1 Basic VTP Configuration

109

4.4.2 VTP Configuration Challenge

109

4.4.3 Troubleshooting VTP Configuration Chapter Summary Chapter Quiz

Chapter 5

STP

108

109

110

110

113

Chapter Introduction

113

5.1 Redundant Layer 2 Topologies

113

5.1.1 Redundancy 113 5.1.2 Issues with Redundancy 114 5.1.3 Real-world Redundancy Issues 116 5.2 Introduction to STP

118

5.2.1 The Spanning Tree Algorithm 118 5.2.2 STP BPDU 121 5.2.3 Bridge ID 122 5.2.4 Port Roles 124 5.2.5 STP Port States and BPDU Timers 126 5.3 STP Convergence

128

5.3.1 STP Convergence

128

5.3.2 Step 1. Electing A Root Bridge 128 5.3.3 Step 2. Elect Root Ports 130 5.3.4 Step 3. Electing Designated Ports and Non-Designated Ports 131 5.3.5 STP Topology Change

132

viii

CCNA Exploration Course Booklet: LAN Switching and Wireless, Version 4.0 5.4 PVST+, RSTP and Rapid-PVST+

133

5.4.1 Cisco and STP Variants 133 5.4.2 PVST+ 134 5.4.3 RSTP 136 5.4.4 Edge Ports 137 5.4.5 Link Types 137 5.4.6 RSTP Port States and Port Roles 138 5.4.7 Configuring Rapid-PVST+ 139 5.4.8 Design STP for Trouble Avoidance 5.4.9 Troubleshoot STP Operation 5.5 Chapter Labs

140

142

143

5.5.1 Basic Spanning Tree Protocol 143 5.5.2 Challenge Spanning Tree Protocol 144 5.5.3 Troubleshooting Spanning Tree Protocol Chapter Summary Chapter Quiz

Chapter 6

144

145

145

Inter-VLAN Routing

147

Chapter Introduction

147

6.1 Inter-VLAN Routing

147

6.1.1 Introducing Inter-VLAN Routing 147 6.1.2 Interfaces and Subinterfaces 149 6.2 Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing

153

6.2.1 Configure Inter-VLAN Routing 153 6.2.2 Configure Router-on-a-Stick Inter-VLAN Routing 154 6.3 Troubleshooting Inter-VLAN Routing

157

6.3.1 Switch Configuration Issues 157 6.3.2 Router Configuration Issues 158 6.3.3 IP Addressing Issues 159 6.4 Chapter Labs

160

6.4.1 Basic Inter-VLAN Routing 160 6.4.2 Challenge Inter-VLAN Routing 161 6.4.3 Troubleshooting Inter-VLAN Routing Chapter Summary Chapter Quiz

162

162

161

ix

Chapter 7

Basic Wireless Concepts and Configuration Chapter Introduction

165

7.1 The Wireless LAN

165

165

7.1.1 Why Use Wireless? 165 7.1.2 Wireless LAN Standards 167 7.1.3 Wireless Infrastructure Components 169 7.1.4 Wireless Operation

171

7.1.5 Planning the Wireless LAN 173 7.2 Wireless LAN Security

175

7.2.1 Threats to Wireless Security 175 7.2.2 Wireless Security Protocols 177 7.2.3 Securing a Wireless LAN 179 7.3 Configure Wireless LAN Access

179

7.3.1 Configuring the Wireless Access Point

179

7.3.2 Configuring a Wireless NIC 182 7.4 Troubleshooting Simple WLAN Problems

183

7.4.1 Solve Access Point Radio and Firmware Issues 183 7.4.2 Incorrect Channel Settings 185 7.4.3 Solve Access Point Radio and Firmware Issues 185 7.4.4 Solve Access Point Radio and Firmware Issues 186 7.4.5 Problems with Authentication and Encryption 7.5 Chapter Labs

187

7.5.1 Basic Wireless Configuration

187

7.5.2 Challenge Wireless Configuration

188

7.5.3 Troubleshooting Wireless Configuration Chapter Summary Chapter Quiz

Glossary

191

189

189

188

187

x

CCNA Exploration Course Booklet: LAN Switching and Wireless, Version 4.0

Command Syntax Conventions The conventions used to present command syntax in this book are the same conventions used in the IOS Command Reference. The Command Reference describes these conventions as follows: ■

Boldface indicates commands and keywords that are entered literally as shown. In actual configuration examples and output (not general command syntax), boldface indicates commands that are manually input by the user (such as a show command).

■

Italic indicates arguments for which you supply actual values.

■

Vertical bars (|) separate alternative, mutually exclusive elements.

■

Square brackets ([ ]) indicate an optional element.

■

Braces ({ }) indicate a required choice.

■

Braces within brackets ([{ }]) indicate a required choice within an optional element.

About this Course Booklet Your Cisco Networking Academy Course Booklet is designed as a study resource you can easily read, highlight, and review on the go, wherever the Internet is not available or practical: ■

The text is extracted directly, word-for-word, from the online course so you can highlight important points and take notes in the “Your Chapter Notes” section.

■

Headings with the exact page correlations provide a quick reference to the online course for your classroom discussions and exam preparation.

■

An icon system directs you to the online curriculum to take full advantage of the images, labs, Packet Tracer activities, and dynamic Flash-based activities embedded within the Networking Academy online course interface. Refer to Lab Activit y for this chapter

Refer to Packet Tracer Activit y for this chapter

Refer to Interactive Graphic in online course.

The Course Booklet is a basic, economical paper-based resource to help you succeed with the Cisco Networking Academy online course.

Course Introduction

Welcome Welcome to the CCNA Exploration LAN Switching and Wireless course. The goal is to develop an understanding of how switches are interconnected and configured to provide network access to LAN users. This course also teaches how to integrate wireless devices into a LAN. The specific skills covered in each chapter are described at the start of each chapter.

More than just information This computer-based learning environment is an important part of the overall course experience for students and instructors in the Networking Academy. These online course materials are designed to be used along with several other instructional tools and activities. These include: ■

Class presentation, discussion, and practice with your instructor

■

Hands-on labs that use networking equipment within the Networking Academy classroom

■

Online scored assessments and a matching grade book

■

Packet Tracer simulation tool

■

Additional software for classroom activities

A global community When you participate in the Networking Academy, you are joining a global community linked by common goals and technologies. Schools, colleges, universities and other entities in over 160 countries participate in the program. You can see an interactive network map of the global Networking Academy community at http://www.academynetspace.com. The material in this course encompasses a broad range of technologies that facilitate how people work, live, play, and learn by communicating with voice, video, and other data. Networking and the Internet affect people differently in different parts of the world. Although we have worked with instructors from around the world to create these materials, it is important that you work with your instructor and fellow students to make the material in this course applicable to your local situation.

Keep in Touch These online instructional materials, as well as the rest of the course tools, are part of the larger Networking Academy. The portal for the program is located at http://cisco.netacad.net. There you will obtain access to the other tools in the program such as the assessment server and student grade book), as well as informational updates and other relevant links.

2

CCNA Exploration Course Booklet: LAN Switching and Wireless, Version 4.0

Mind Wide Open® An important goal in education is to enrich you, the student, by expanding what you know and can do. It is important to realize, however, that the instructional materials and the instructor can only facilitate the process. You must make the commitment yourself to learn new skills. Below are a few suggestions to help you learn and grow. 1. Take notes. Professionals in the networking field often keep Engineering Journals in which

they write down the things they observe and learn. Taking notes is an important way to help your understanding grow over time. 2. Think about it. The course provides information both to change what you know and what you

can do. As you go through the course, ask yourself what makes sense and what doesn’t. Stop and ask questions when you are confused. Try to find out more about topics that interest you. If you are not sure why something is being taught, consider asking your instructor or a friend. Think about how the different parts of the course fit together. 3. Practice. Learning new skills requires practice. We believe this is so important to e-learning

that we have a special name for it. We call it e-doing. It is very important that you complete the activities in the online instructional materials and that you also complete the hands-on labs and Packet Tracer® activities. 4. Practice again. Have you ever thought that you knew how to do something and then, when it

was time to show it on a test or at work, you discovered that you really hadn’t mastered it? Just like learning any new skill like a sport, game, or language, learning a professional skill requires patience and repeated practice before you can say you have truly learned it. The online instructional materials in this cour...