Cell Cycle Mitosis-Cornell Notes-KEY PDF

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Cycle/Mitosis Cornell Notes Answer key (Pages 340-349) (Course: Biology 1-2)...

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Topic: Cell Cycle/Mitosis (Page 340-349) Name: Date:

Essential Question(s): How do asexual and sexual reproduction compare? What are the main events of the cell cycle? What happens during the phase of mitosis? How do daughter cells split apart after mitosis?

Questions:

Notes: Define: ● Cell Division: the process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells ● Asexual Reproduction: the production of geneticallt identical offspring from a single parent

What does the prefix “a”mean? without

● Sexual Reproduction: involves the fusion of two reproductive cells formed by each two parent

Comparing Asexual and Sexual Reproduction List the characteristics of sexual and asexual reproduction

Sexual Reproduction ● Involves finding a mate ● Longer time for growth and development of offspring ● Produces genetic diversity ● Involves two parents

Both ● Produce offspring

Asexual Reproduction ● Involves one parent ● Reproduce quickly

The Process of Cell Division

● Chromosomes: genetic information is bundled into packages of DNA

Prokaryotic Chromosomes ● Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound nuclei and many of the organelles found in eukaryotes. ● Most contain a single circular DNA chromosome.

Eukaryotic Chromosomes ● Generally have much more DNA than prokaryotes. ● Define chromatin - this complex of DNA and protein ● Chromosomes are separated into two daughter cells during cell division

Word Bank: Chromosomes

Centromere

DNA

Chromatid

Cell Membrane

Nucleus

The Cell Cycle ● During the cell cycle, a cell grows, prepares for division, and then divides to form two daughter cells.

The Prokaryotic Cell Cycle ● The process of cell division in prokaryotes is a form of asexual reproduction called binary fission. ● Binary fission results in the production of two genetically identical cells.

The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle

● The Eukaryotic Cycle consists of 4 stages. ○ G1: Cell Growth ○ S: DNA Replication ○ G2: Preparation for Cell Division ○ M Phase: Cell Division

● Interphase is now divided into three phases: G1, S, G2.

Describe what happens in each stage of the Cell Cycle. G1:Cell Growth

Cells increase in size and make new proteins and organelles

S: DNA Replication

New DNA is synthesized as the chromosomes are replicated. By the end of S phase, the cell has twice as much DNA as it did at the start of this phase

G2: Preparing for Cell Division

Usually the shortest of the 3 phases. Many organelles and molecules required for cell division are made

M Phase: Cell Division

Two daughter cells are made through the process called mitosis. In eukaryotic cells, this happens in two phases mitosis and cytokinesis

Mitosis Description Prophase

The genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the duplicated chromosomes become visible

Metaphase

The centromeres of the duplicated chromosome line up across the center of the cell

Anaphase

The chromosomes separate and move along spindle fibers to opposite ends of the cell

Telophase

The chromosomes, which are now condensed, begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin

Cytokinesis ● Define:Completes the process of cell division by dividing one cell into two.

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