Cell Function - Cell requirements Notes Biology PDF

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Cell requirements Outline the inorganic nutrients and the requirements of a cell 1. Outline the requirements of a cell. o Answer  Water  Minerals  Oxygen  Carbon dioxide  Nitrogen 2. Distinguish between organic and inorganic nutrients. o Answer Organic nutrients contain carbon Inorganic nutrients do not contain carbon Outline the organic compounds 1. Identify the four main types of biomacromolecules. o Answer Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids 2. Outline the types and structures of carbohydrates. o Answer Monosaccharides Simple sugars consisting of a single monomer 

Quick energy for plant and animal cells

Disaccharides Complex sugars consisting of two monomers 

When digested, broken down into simple sugars and used for energy

Polysaccharides Complex molecules consisting of many monomers

Starch – stored energy in plant cells Cellulose – structural part of cell walls Glycogen – stored energy in animal cells 3. Outline the purpose of lipids in cells. o Answer   

Fatty acids and hydrophobic Structural component of membranes Energy storage for long term (store twice the energy as carbohydrates) 4. Discuss the role of proteins in cells. o Answer Amino acids Regulate cell processes and build cell structures Enzymes control the chemical reactions in the cell Hormones control the functioning of other cells 5. Distinguish between amino acids, polypeptides and proteins. o Answer  

Amino acids Building blocks of proteins 20 different types Polypeptides Chains composed of up to 300 amino acids Proteins Composed of one or more polypeptide chains twisted together 6. Discuss the role of nucleic acids in cells. o Answer Nucleotides Carry hereditary information, used to make proteins 7. State where in a cell you would expect to find DNA and RNA. o Answer DNA

Mainly nucleus Small amounts in mitochondria and chloroplasts RNA Mainly cytoplasm Small amounts in the nucleus...