Cell Structure and Function Lab. t PDF

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Cell structure lab...

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Cell Structure and Function Background: Cell Structure and Function: Prokaryotes are organisms made up of cells that lack a cell nucleus or any membrane-encased organelles. The genetic material DNA is not bound within a nucleus. In addition, the DNA is less structured in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes: in prokaryotes, DNA is a single loop while in Eukaryotes DNA is organized into chromosomes. Most prokaryotes are made up of just a single cell (unicellular) but there are a few that are made of collections of cells (multicellular). Prokaryotes are divided into two groups, the Bacteria, and the Archaea. Some bacteria, including E Coli, Salmonella, and Listeria, are found in foods and can cause disease; others are actually helpful to human digestion and other functions. Archaea were discovered to be a unique life form which is capable of living indefinitely in extreme environments such as hydrothermal vents or arctic ice. Eukaryotes are organisms made up of cells that possess a membrane-bound nucleus as well as membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic organisms may be multicellular or single-celled organisms. Eukaryotes include animals, plants, fungi and protists.

Objectives: Recognized the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells as well the differences between plant and animal cells. Understand the function of the organelles in each cell.

Exercise A: Cell Types and Structures/Functions 

Using the simulation, review the structures and functions of the prokaryote, plant and animal cells. Complete Table 1 using this information by placing an X in the space if the organism has the structure. Don’t forget the function.

Table 1 Cell organelle

Function

Prokaryot e

Cytoplasm

the site for most of the enzymatic X reactions and metabolic activity of the cell.

DNA (nucleoid region) Nucleus

The instructions needed for a organism to develop, survive and reproduce Contains genetic material (DNA) of the cell

Cell Wall

Protects the complete cytoplasm from external adverse conditions and provide rigidity

X

Eukaryote Plant Anima l X X

X

X

X

X

X

X

Cell Membrane

The permeability of some specific substances and molecules in and out of the cells

X

X

X

Ribosomes

Functions to make proteins

X

X

X

Mitochondria

Synthesize the ATPs with cellular respiration Performs photosynthesis which is the process to make food (glucose) and O2 as byproduct The packaging of lipids and proteins within the cell The digestions of celluar debris or any other harmful particle

X

X

Chloroplast

Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes Peroxisomes Smooth ER Rough ER Vacuole Flagella

Synthesizes some of the essential lipids and their derivatives Synthesizes proteins with the help of the attached ribosomes The storage of some essential substance of the cell This enables movement and chemotaxis.

X

X

X

X

X

X X

X X

X

X X

Cilia

Work to move a cell or group of cells or to help transport fluid or materials past them.

X

Pili

They attach the cells to surfaces

X

X...