Ch 2 Chemistry Comes Alive 2019 PDF

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Anatomy & Physiology I Dr. L. Bacha Chapter Outline (Marieb & Hoehn 2019)

 Please review and be familiar with the following information in Chapter 2. It is a brief overview of the chemistry that you should have learned in Biology I. 

PART 1 BASIC CHEMISTRY 2.1

Matter is the stuff of the universe and energy moves matter

! Matter - define matter:  list the three states of matter and give examples of each found in the human body:

! Energy - define energy:

 name and define the two forms in which energy exists:  list (and read about!) the four forms of energy:

 during energy conversions, some energy is given off as heat  so, what do all energy conversions in the body liberate?

2.2

The properties of an element depend on the structure of its atoms

 define elements: - list the four elements that make up about 96% of body weight:  Know the name and atomic symbol of the major and lesser chemical elements shown in Table 2.1 on page 26!  define atoms:

! Structure of Atoms

indicate whether the following subatomic particles are positive, negative, or neutral: protons: neutrons: electrons: Ch 2 Chemistry

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! Identifying Elements  define atomic number:

2.3

Atoms bound together form molecules; different molecules can make mixtures

! Molecules and Compounds  define molecule :  define compound: ! Mixtures

. define solution: . define solvent: . define solutes:

2.4

The three types of chemical bonds are ionic, covalent, and hydrogen

! Types of Chemical Bonds 1. Ionic Bonds  define ions:  define ionic bond:

 define anion:  define cation: TO TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE: Which of the ions listed here are anions? Which of them are cations?

 Make sure you know the names and symbols of these important ions:

Ca+2 sodium ion Na+ + potassium ion K + hydrogen ion H calcium ion

OHchloride ion Clbicarbonate ion HCO3 + ammonium ion NH4 hydroxide ion

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phosphate ion PO4

Fe+2 +2 magnesium ion Mg iodide ion Iiron ion

2. Covalent Bonds  define covalent bond:

Ch 2 Chemistry

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 define nonpolar molecules :

 define polar molecules: 3. Hydrogen Bonds  describe hydrogen bonds:

2.5

Chemical reactions occur when electrons are shared, gained, or lost

/ Chemical Equations define these terms:

 chemical reaction:  reactants:  products:  molecular formula:

/ Types of Chemical Reactions define these terms:  synthesis (anabolic) reaction:

 decomposition (catabolic) reaction:

Synthesis or Decomposition reactions: How would you classify each of these?

H2O + CO2  H2CO3 H2CO3  H+ + HCO3-

/ Energy Flow in Chemical Reactions define these terms:  exergonic reactions:

 endergonic reactions:

 metabolism (define from the glossary in the back of the book!):

PART 2 BIOCHEMISTRY ) Define biochemistry:

) Distinguish between inorganic compounds and organic compounds:

How would you classify each of t these, organic or inorganic?

proteins lipids water ATP

nucleic acids carbohydrates acids bases

3 Chapter 2 Chemistry Comes Alive

2.6

Inorganic compounds

$ Water • read about and understand the 5 properties of water! • define hydrophilic (from the glossary in the back of the book!):

• define hydrophobic (from the glossary in the back of the book!):

$ Salts • define salt:

• what are electrolytes?

$ Acids and Bases • distinguish between acids and bases:

- review the pH scale and distinguish between acidic, basic, and neutral solutions:

- define buffers:

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2.7

Organic compounds

 read this overview of organic compounds

2.8

Carbohydrates

 read about carbohydrates what are the building blocks of carbohydrates?  list the different types of carbohydrates and give examples of each type:

2.9 Lipids  read about lipids  list the main types of lipids, as shown in Table 2.2:

2.10 Proteins  read about proteins  what are the building blocks of proteins?  review the levels of protein structure in Fig. 2.18  list the general functions of proteins (and read the examples from the body) given in Table 2.3:

 how do enzymes help chemical reactions?

2.11 DNA and RNA  what are the two major classes of nucleic acids ?

2.12 ATP  What is the general importance of ATP?

The End! 5 Chapter 2 Chemistry Comes Alive...