Ch 2. Chemistry, Matter, & Life PDF

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*Which element makes up the greatest percentage of body weight? Oxygen *The atomic number of iron is 26. How many protons does iron have? 26 *What bond forms between two atoms that share their electrons equally? Nonpolar bond *Which term best describes the Sodium ion (Na+)? Electrolyte *Which chemical is NOT a compound? O *Which term describes a Substance that dissolves another substance? Solvent *Which substance is termed the Universal Solvent? Water *Which substance always accepts hydrogen ions? A base *Which substance always has a pH below 7? An acid *Which substance is most important in maintaining a relatively constant pH in body fluids? A buffer *A form of an element that differs in its atomic weight from other forms of that same element is a(n)_____. Isotope *Which Element is the basis(found) of Organic chemistry(compound)? Carbon *Which organic compound catalyzes metabolic reactions? Enzyme *A substance that has a name ending in -ase is most likely a(n) Enzyme *Which organic compound is used to store genetic information? Nucleotide *The subunits of elements are atoms. *The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom’s nucleus. *A mixture of solute dissolved in a solvent is called a(n) solution. *Blood has a pH of 7.35 to 7.45. Gastric juice has a pH of about 2.0. The more alkaline fluid is blood. *Proteins that catalyze metabolic reactions are called enzymes. *Monosaccharide: Used to build other(simple) carbohydrates; a source of energy(glucose) *Disaccharide: Can be broken into monosaccharides. *Polysaccharide: Storage form of(complex) carbohydrates(glycogen) *Phospholipid: Forms (Important component) cell membranes. *Triglyceride: Stores energy. *Cholesterol: Basis of steroid hormones. *Structural proteins: Form structures of the body. *Functional proteins: Enzymes and hormones. *DNA: Genetic code. *RNA: Nucleotides contain ribose. **Nucleotide: Examples include DNA, RNA and ATP. *What type of mixture is red blood cells “floating” in plasma? Suspension *What is the most abundant compound in the body? Water *Which compound releases ions when in solution? Electrolyte *Which substance releases a hydrogen ion when dissolved in water? Acid

*Explain what would happen if a cell containing 97% water were placed in a 10% salt solution? -A solution that contains a higher level of salt, above 0.9% is a hypertonic solution, which would result in the cell shrinking. 1. Cindy, 5 years old, has been ill for several days with nausea and vomiting. If you tested the pH of the vomitus, would you more likely find it to be an acid or a base? -The vomitus would more likely be acidic. With the loss of acid from the stomach due to excessive vomiting, the gastric contents may become alkaline. 2. Make an acid-base chart showing the pH range (0-14). What area of the scale would Cindy’s stomach pH contents fall? -Acids 1

Neatral 7 --------------------------)Bases 14

-pH of above7. Remember, she vomited gastric acid, leaving an alkaline environment behind. 3. As hydrogen ion concentration of a solution increases, does it become more acid or alkaline? Would the pH increase or decrease? -Acid; Decrease. *The stomach produces hydrochloric acid, which normally aids in the process of Digestion. Proteins are complex molecules composed of: Amino acids A subunit of an element is a(n): Atom A substance that has a name ending in –ase is most likely a(n): Protein A basic substance could have a pH of: 12 An elements found in water is: Hydroge Hydrogen n A common isotope of sodium is called Sodium-24, based on its atomic weight. The atomic weight can be calculated by adding up the number of protons and the number of neutrons. The atomic number of sodium is 11. How many neutrons doe sodium-24 have? 13 7. A combination of two or more substances that can be separated by physical means and therefore not chemically bonded is a(n): mixture 8. Cobalt has 27 electrons. What is its atomic number? 27 9. A compound that releases ions when it is in solution is called a(n)? Ele Electrolyte ctrolyte 10. The atomic number of phosphorus is 15. How many protons does phosphorus have? 15 11. A chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons is described as a(n):: covalent bond 12. All enzymes are: Proteins 13. Body fluids should be relatively within which pH range for proper functioning? 7.35.35-7.45 7.45 14. The chemical category that includes fats and cholesterol is: Lipids 15. A type of mixture whose components evenly distribute is a(n):: Sol Solution ution 16. The abbreviation Na represents the element: sodium 17. A graphic tracing of the electric current generated by the heart is called a(n):: EElectr lectr lectrocardio ocardio ocardiogra gra gram m 18. Which of the following statements about water is NOT true? It preve prevents nts sharp chan changes ges in hydrogen ion concertation when iin n a solution. -it is the most abundant compound in the body -it is the universal solvent -it is critical in all physiologic processes in body tissues. 19. A substance composed of two or more different elements participating in a chemical bond is a(n): Compound 20. An element that contributes a large percentage of weight in the body is: Oxygen 21. The positively-charged particle in the atom nucleus are called: Prot Protons ons 22. The simplest form of carbohydrate is: monos monosaccharides accharides 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

23. An Acid may have which of the following pH values? 1 24. Which lipid is an important component of the cell membrane? Phospholipids 25. The atomic number of sodium is 11. The charged sodium ion has a single positive charge (Na+). How many electrons does the sodium ion have? 10...