Ch 20 Heart Qbank - Question bank PDF

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Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology, 9e (Martini) Chapter 20 The Heart Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Artery is to ________ as vein is to ________. A) efferent; afferent B) afferent; efferent C) toward; away D) afferent; away E) efferent; away Answer: A Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 2) The heart beats approximately ________ times each day. A) 1,000 B) 10,000 C) 100,000 D) 1,000,000 E) 10,000,000 Answer: C Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 3) The heart pumps approximately ________ liters of blood each day. A) 8,000 B) 15,000 C) 20,000 D) 50,000 E) 100,000 Answer: A Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 4) Excess fluid in the ________ causes cardiac tamponade. A) pericardial cavity B) visceral pericardium C) apex of heart D) left ventricle E) both atria Answer: A Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

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5) Tetanic muscle contractions don't occur in a normal cardiac muscle because A) cardiac muscle tissue contracts on its own. B) neural stimulation is lacking. C) the refractory period lasts until the muscle relaxes. D) the refractory period ends before the muscle reaches peak tension. E) potassium channels outnumber sodium channels. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 6) The adult heart is roughly the size of A) the liver. B) a man's clenched fist. C) the gallbladder. D) the hand of a 10-year-old. E) the brain. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 7) Which of the following descriptions matches the term near the left fifth intercostal space? A) pericardial cavity B) visceral pericardium C) apex of heart D) aorta E) right atrium Answer: C Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 8) The term used to describe fluid collecting in the pericardial cavity that restricts the movement of the heart is known as A) cardiac tamponade. B) mitral valve prolapse. C) pleural effusion. D) cardiomyopathy. E) pericarditis. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

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9) The interventricular sulci and coronary sulcus A) contain fat. B) contain arteries. C) contain veins. D) are grooves on the surface of the heart. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 10) The structure that permits blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium in the fetal circulation is the A) foramen ovale. B) interatrial septum. C) coronary sinus. D) fossa ovalis. E) ligamentum arteriosus. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 11) Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the A) aortic valve. B) pulmonary valve. C) mitral valve. D) tricuspid valve. E) bicuspid valve. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 12) Intercalated discs serve to transfer ________ from cell to cell. A) ionic currents B) action potentials C) the force of contraction D) electrical signals E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

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13) Cardiac muscle cells and skeletal muscle cells differ in a few ways. Which of the following is not one of them? A) Cardiac muscle cells are smaller in size. B) Cardiac muscle cells have a single, centered nucleus. C) Cardiac muscle cells branch. D) Skeletal muscle cells lack intercalated discs. E) Cardiac muscle cells lack transverse tubules. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 14) The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow A) in one direction only. B) in both directions. C) in many directions. D) in opposite directions on the right and left. E) from a ventricle to an atrium. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 15) Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the A) right atrium. B) right ventricle. C) left atrium. D) left ventricle. E) conus arteriosus. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 16) Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the A) right atrium. B) right ventricle. C) left atrium. D) left ventricle. E) conus arteriosus. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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17) The earlike extension of the atrium is the A) ventricle. B) coronary sinus. C) coronary sulcus. D) auricle. E) atricle. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 18) The coronary sulcus is a groove that A) marks the border between the atria and ventricles. B) marks the boundary line between the right and left ventricles. C) marks the boundary line between the right and left atria. D) separates the atrioventricular valves from the atria. E) separates the coronary arteries from the coronary veins. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 19) In the middle of the thoracic cavity is a region occupied by the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea called the A) pleural space. B) pericardial space. C) mediastinum. D) cardiac notch. E) ventral cavity. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 20) The cusps (leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to A) papillary muscles. B) trabeculae carneae. C) chordae tendineae. D) interatrial septa. E) coronary sulci. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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21) Contractions of the papillary muscles A) close the atrioventricular valves. B) close the semilunar valves. C) eject blood from the ventricles. D) prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria. E) eject blood from the atria into the ventricles. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 22) The visceral pericardium is the same as the A) mediastinum. B) parietal pericardium. C) epicardium. D) myocardium. E) endocardium. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 23) Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of A) cardiac muscle cells. B) chondrocytes. C) epitheliocytes. D) fibrocytes. E) smooth muscle cells. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 24) The right ventricle pumps blood to the A) right and left lungs. B) left ventricle. C) left atrium. D) aorta. E) right atrium. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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25) The left ventricle pumps blood to the A) lungs. B) right ventricle. C) right atrium. D) aorta. E) pulmonary circuit. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 26) The right atrium receives blood from the A) coronary sinus. B) superior vena cava. C) inferior vena cava. D) systemic circuit. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 27) In order to perform a CABG, a cardiac surgeon must A) open the pericardial sac. B) open the myocardium to see the AV valves. C) visualize the pulmonary valve. D) visualize the carotid arteries. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Application 28) When a blood clot forms on a ruptured plaque in a coronary artery, the condition is referred to as a(n) A) coronary spasm. B) myocardial infarction. C) coronary thrombosis. D) angina pectoris. E) pulmonary embolism. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

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29) When the left ventricle contracts, the distance from the apex to the base A) increases. B) decreases. C) remains unchanged. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 30) When the left ventricle contracts, the diameter of the ventricular chamber A) increases. B) decreases. C) remains the same. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 31) Cardiac cells damaged by infarction will show which of the following? A) switch to anaerobic metabolism B) release of enzymes into the circulation C) release of troponin T and I into the circulation D) release of CK-MB into the circulation E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 32) Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ________ valve. A) mitral B) bicuspid C) tricuspid D) pulmonary semilunar E) aortic semilunar Answer: C Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 33) As blood leaves the right ventricle it passes through the ________ and then into the pulmonary trunk. A) pulmonary veins B) conus arteriosus C) aorta D) inferior vena cava E) superior vena cava Answer: B Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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34) Coronary veins empty into the A) left atrium. B) left ventricle. C) right atrium. D) right ventricle. E) conus arteriosus. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 35) There are ________ pulmonary veins. A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8 E) 12 Answer: B Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 36) Rupture of the papillary muscles in the left ventricle may result in A) mitral regurgitation. B) mitral valve prolapse. C) bicuspid regurgitation. D) bicuspid prolapse. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 37) When the semilunar valves close, the AV valves then A) close. B) open. C) make the third heart sound. D) contract. E) prolapse. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

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38) The ________ deliver(s) blood to the myocardium. A) coronary arteries B) cardiac veins C) superior vena cava D) carotid arteries E) coronary sinus Answer: A Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 39) The connective tissue fibers of the myocardium A) add strength and prevent overexpansion of the heart. B) help distribute the forces of contraction. C) provide elasticity to help return the heart to its normal size. D) provide physical support for cardiac muscle. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 40) Blood is supplied to the left atrium by the A) brachiocephalic artery. B) right coronary artery. C) left coronary artery. D) phrenic arteries. E) pulmonary arteries. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 41) The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backward flow into the A) aorta. B) pulmonary trunk. C) pulmonary veins. D) right ventricle. E) left atrium. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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42) The bicuspid or mitral valve is located A) in the opening of the aorta. B) in the opening of the pulmonary trunk. C) where the venae cavae join the right atrium. D) between the right atrium and right ventricle. E) between the left atrium and left ventricle. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 43) The ________ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium. A) semicaval B) semilunar C) bicuspid D) tricuspid E) pulmonic Answer: C Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 44) The function of an atrium is to A) collect blood. B) pump blood to the lungs. C) pump blood into the systemic circuit. D) pump blood to the ventricle. E) collect blood then pump it to the ventricle. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 45) Compared to the right ventricle, the left ventricle has all the following characteristics, except that it A) has a thicker wall. B) is round in cross section. C) pumps a greater volume. D) works harder. E) produces about four to six times more pressure when it contracts. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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46) Which of the following are involved in the pulmonary circuit? A) superior vena cava, right atrium, left ventricle B) right ventricle, pulmonary veins, aorta C) right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, left atrium D) inferior vena cava, right atrium, aorta E) left ventricle, pulmonary veins, right atrium Answer: C Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 47) The right pulmonary veins carry ________ blood to the ________ . A) deoxygenated; left atrium B) oxygenated; right lung C) deoxygenated; superior vena cava D) deoxygenated; right atrium E) oxygenated; left atrium Answer: E Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 48) The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. 1. right atrium 2. left atrium 3. right ventricle 4. left ventricle 5. venae cavae 6. aorta 7. pulmonary trunk 8. pulmonary veins What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation? A) 1, 2, 7, 8, 3, 4, 6, 5 B) 1, 7, 3, 8, 2, 4, 6, 5 C) 5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6 D) 5, 3, 1, 7, 8, 4, 2, 6 E) 5, 1, 3, 8, 7, 2, 4, 6 Answer: C Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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49) The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the A) heart. B) lungs. C) brain. D) intestines. E) liver. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 50) The pulmonary veins carry blood to the A) heart. B) lungs. C) brain. D) intestines. E) liver. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 51) The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the A) right atrium. B) left atrium. C) right ventricle. D) left ventricle. E) interatrial septum. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 52) Blood is supplied to the myocardium by A) the coronary sinus. B) contact with blood in the pumping chambers. C) the coronary arteries. D) arteries that branch from the pulmonary arteries. E) arteries that branch off the subclavian arteries. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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53) The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the ________ arteries. A) pulmonary B) coronary C) circumflex D) carotid E) subclavian Answer: B Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 54) The marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch are branches of the A) right coronary artery. B) left coronary artery. C) circumflex artery. D) coronary sinus. E) aorta. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 55) The circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular artery are branches of the A) right coronary artery. B) left coronary artery. C) interventricular artery. D) coronary sinus. E) aorta. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 56) The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into the A) superior vena cava. B) inferior vena cava. C) coronary sinus. D) coronary sulcus. E) aorta. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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Figure 20-1 The Heart Use Figure 20-1 to answer the following questions: 57) Identify the structure labeled "19." A) tricuspid valve B) pulmonary semilunar valve C) aortic semilunar valve D) bicuspid valve E) ligamentum arteriosum Answer: B Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 58) Identify the structure labeled "8." A) moderator band B) pectinate muscles C) papillary muscles D) trabeculae carneae E) chordae tendineae Answer: C Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

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59) Identify the structure labeled "6." A) cusp of tricuspid valve B) pulmonary semilunar valve C) aortic semilunar valve D) bicuspid valve E) ligamentum arteriosum Answer: A Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 60) Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit? A) 5 B) 10 C) 16 D) 13 E) both 5 and 16 Answer: C Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 61) Identify the structure labeled "21." A) bicuspid valve B) pulmonary semilunar valve C) aortic semilunar valve D) ligamentum arteriosum E) tricuspid valve Answer: D Learning Outcome: 20-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 62) In cardiac muscle, the fast depolarization phase of the action potential is the result of A) increased membrane permeability to sodium ions. B) increased membrane permeability to potassium ions. C) decreased membrane permeability to calcium ions. D) decreased membrane permeability to sodium ions. E) increased membrane permeability to chloride ions. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 20-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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63) The long plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to A) movement of fewer sodium ions across the cell membrane. B) calcium channels remaining open. C) increased membrane permeability to potassium ion. D) decrease in the amount of calcium diffusing across the membrane. E) increased membrane permeability to sodium ions. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 20-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 64) In cardiac muscle A) calcium ions are not released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. B) calcium ions do not bind to troponin molecules. C) calcium ions play no role in the process of contraction. D) about 20 percent of the calcium ion required for contraction comes from outside the cell. E) calcium ions play an important role in repolarizing the membrane after the depolarization phase. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 20-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 65) The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in A) the Purkinje fibers. B) the sinoatrial node. C) the atrioventricular node. D) the wall of the left ventricle. E) both the left and right ventricles. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 20-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 66) Abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles would most change the shape of the ________ in an ECG tracing. A) P wave B) T wave C) QRS complex D) P-R interval E) R-T interval Answer: C Learning Outcome: 20-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

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67) As a result of the long refractory period in the cardiac action potential, cardiac muscle cannot exhibit A) tonus. B) treppe. C) tetany. D) recruitment. E) fatigue. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 20-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 68) If the pacemaker cells in the SA node become more permeable to potassium ions, the A) heart rate will increase. B) heart rate will decrease. C) cells will depolarize. D) cells will hyperpolarize. E) heart rate will decrease and cells will hyperpolarize. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 20-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Application 69) If the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked, A) the ventricles will beat faster. B) the ventricles will beat more slowly. C) the ventricular beat will remain unchanged. D) cardiac output will increase. E) the atria will contract more forcefully. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 20-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

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70) The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart. 1. Purkinje fibers 2. AV bundle 3. AV node 4. SA node 5. bundle branches The sequence in which excitation would move through this system is A) 1, 4, 3, 2, 5. B) 3, 2, 4, 5, 1. C) 3, 5, 4, 2, 1. D) 4, 3, 2, 5, 1. E) 4, 2, 3, 5, 1. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 20-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 71) The P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from A) depolarization of the SA node. B) depolarization of the AV node. C) depolarization of the atria. D) repolarization of the atria. E) depolarization of the ventricles. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 20-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 72) If there is a complete block between the SA node and the AV node, how would the ECG be affected? A) The P-R interval will be shorter. B) The QRS duration will be longer. C) There will be much bigger P waves. D) The ventricles will stop beating. E) The rate of P waves will be faster than the rate of QRS complexes. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 20-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

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73) Depolariza...