Ch 23 assessement - Study question PDF

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Chapter 23 1. Differentiate synovial form nonsynovial joints Synovial: freely movable because bones are separated from one another and enclosed in a join cavity. Cavity is filled with lubricant or synovial fluid. Allows sliding of opposing surfaces, cartilage covers the surface of opposing bones Nonsynovial: bones are united by fibrous tissue or cartilage and are immovable ex: structures of the skull or are slightly movable ex: vertebrae 2. List 4 signs that suggest acute inflammation in a joint. Swelling, heat, redness, and pain 3. Differentiate the following:    

Dislocation- complete loss of contact between the 2 bones in a joint Subluxation- partial dislocation, the bones in a joint stay in contact, but their alignment is off Contracture- shortening of a muscle leading to limited ROM of joint Ankylosis- stiffness or fixation of a joint

4. Differentiate testing of active range of motion versus passive range of motion Active ROM is done when a person can do the exercises by themselves; passive ROM exercises are done for a person by a helper. The helper does the ROM exercises because the person cannot do them by themselves 5. Explain the method for measuring leg length For true length, measure between fixed points, from the anterior iliac spine to the medial malleaus, crossing the medial side of the knee. Normally, these measurements are equal or within 1cm, indicating no bone discrepancy 6. Describe the Ortolani maneuver for checking an infant’s hip Purpose: check infants hips for congenital dislocation (done at every physician visit until 1 yr old) Infant is supine, flex the knees holding your thumbs on the inner mid thighs and your fingers outside on the hips touching the greater trochanters. Adduct the legs until your thumbs touch, then gently life and abduct, moving the knees apart and down so their lateral aspects touch the table. Normally feels smooth with no sound

7. When performing a functional assessment for an older adult, state the common adaptations that the older adult makes when attempting these manuvers: Walking- shuffling patter and swaying Climbing up stairs- person holds on to handrail Walking down stairs- person holds on to handrail with both hands Picking up object from floor- ften bends at waist instead of knees Rising up from sitting in chair- uses arms to push off chair arms Rising up from lying in bed- may roll to one side, push arm to lift up torso 8. Draw and describe swan neck deformity and boutonniere deformity in rheumatoid arthritis Swan-Neck: Flexion contracture of meta-carpophalangeal joint. Boutonniere deformity: the knuckle looks like being pushed through a button-hole. 9. Contrast Bouchard nodes with Heberden nodes in osteoarthritis Bouchard's nodes are hard, bony outgrowths or gelatinous cysts on the proximal inter-phalangeal joints, the middle joints of fingers or toes. They are a sign of either osteoarthritis or Rheumatoid arthritis. Herberden's nodes are hard or bony swellings that can develop in the distal interphalangeal joints, DIP, the joints closest to the end of the fingers and toes. Heberden's are at the end of fingers and the Bouchard and are in the middle....