Ch.03 Types Of Movies RS CA PDF

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CA#135:#Introduction#to#Cinema# Instructor:#Melanie#Cassidy# Week#3# Types#of#Movies# Agenda# 02

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!  Discuss"“Citizen"Kane”" !  Lecture:"" "“Types&of&Movies”&

!  Warnings"/"Ratings:" >>01A

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!  Screening:""“District"9”"(2009)" "Dir."-"Neill"Blomkamp,"112"min." "violence,"blood/gore,"strong" language,"depictions"of"cruelty,"" xenophobia"&"racism"

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Screening:" “District"9”"(2009)" Neill"Blomkamp,"112"min."

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Thirty&years&ago,&aliens&arrive&on&Earth& --¬&to&conquer&or&give&aid,&but&--&to& find&refuge&from&their&dying&planet.& Separated&from&humans&in&a&South& African&area&called&District&9,&the&aliens& are&managed&by&Multi-National&United,& which&is&unconcerned&with&the&aliens'& welfare&but&will&do&anything&to&master& their&advanced&technology.&When&a& company&field&agent&(Sharlto&Copley)& contracts&a&mysterious&virus&that&begins& to&alter&his&DNA,&there&is&only&one&place& he&can&hide:&District&9.&

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CA#135:#Introduction#to#Cinema# Instructor:#Melanie#Cassidy#

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Types#of#Movies#

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!  Documentary(movies(–"Movies"with"an" allegiance"to"nonfiction"but"which"still"employ" movie"storytelling"and"dramatization" !  Experimental(movies(–"Movies"that"push"the" boundaries"of"what"most"people"think"movies" are,"or"should"be""

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!  Narrative(movies(–"Movies"that"are"directed" toward"fiction"or"fictionalized"stories"

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Narrative#Films# !  Tell"a"story"

!  Based"on"screenplays"

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!  Directed"toward"fiction"

!  Primary"purpose"is"entertainment,"a"stance" motivated"by"commercial"intent"

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!  Facilitate"the"technical"demands"of"film" production"

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All deliver different messages and are each designed to appeal to a different audience. But they all employ the same narrative structures and techniques designed to transport viewers into a story, get them invested in the characters, and make them care about the end results, despite knowing up front that none of it is real.

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Narrative#Films:#Commonalities#

Mulholland&Dr.&(2001)." David"Lynch,"Director.""

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Syriana&(2005)."" Stephen"Gaghan," Director."" Rango&(2011)."Gore" Verbinski,"director""

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The#Idea#of#Narrative# !  A"narrative"is"a"story"

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!  A"way"of"structuring"fictional"or"fictionalized" stories"presented"in"narrative"films" !  A"broader"concept"that"both"includes"and"goes" beyond"any"of"these"applications"

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!  A"type"of"movie"

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Narrative#Concept#

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!  This"causality"is"the"basic"organizing"structure"of" most"movie"narratives" !  Movies"do"not"have"to"arrange"events"in" conventional"order"to"employ"narrative" organization"

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!  A"cinematic(structure(that"arranges"events"in"a" cause&and&effect"sequence""

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Narrative#Structure# A"structure"defined"by"Aristotle"in"Poetics&(335"BCE)" !  Exposition" 02

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!  Rising"action" !  Climax" !  Denouement" >>01A

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!  Falling"action"

One&thing&leads&to&another.&Causality"is"the"basic" organizing"structure"of"most"movie"narratives."" 8"

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Exposition:#the"images,"action"and"dialogue"necessary"to"give"the" audience"the"background"of"the"characters"and"the"nature"of"their" situation,"laying"the"foundation"for"the"rest"of"the"narrative."

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Narrative#Structure:#Exposition#

Star&Wars"(1977)."George"Lucas,"Director."" 9"

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Rising#Action:#the"development"of"the"action"of"the" narrative"toward"a"climax.#

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Narrative#Structure:#Rising#Action#

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Climax:#the"highest"point"of"conflict"in"a"conventional" narrative;"the"protagonist’s"ultimate"attempt"to"attain"the"goal.#

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Narrative#Structure:#Climax#

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Falling#Action:#conflict"between"the"protagonist"and"antagonist" unravels,"with"the"protagonist"winning"or"losing"against"the"antagonist." May"contain"a"moment"of"final"suspense,"in"which"the"final"outcome"of" the"conflict"is"in"doubt.#

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Narrative#Structure:#Falling#Action#

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Denouement:##Conflicts"are"resolved,"creating"normality" for"the"characters"and"a"sense"of"catharsis,"or"release"of" tension"and"anxiety,"for"the"audience.""

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Narrative#Structure:#Denouement#

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Categorization"of"narrative"films"by"the"stories"they" tell"and"the"ways"they"tell"them."

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Genre#

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For"example,"2001:&A&Space&Odyssey"is"a"science"fiction"genre"masterpiece" transcending"conventional"attitudes"toward"genre"movies.&

2001: A Space Odyssey (1968). Stanley Kubrick, Director. 14"

!  Allows"us"to"predict"what"sort"of"movie"to"expect"

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Uses#of#Genre#

!  Reviewers’"critiques"compare"one"film"to"others" in"its"genre"

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!  Helps"audiences"to"select"the"movies"they"attend"

!  Movie"listings" !  Gives&studios&a&formula&with&which&to&create&new& material&or&riff&on&tried&and&true&methods&

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!  Movie"rental"and"retail"sales"organization"

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Genre#Conventions#

!  Story"formulas"

!  Character"types"

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!  Themes""

!  Presentation" >>01A

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!  Setting"

!  Stars"

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Six#Major#American#Genres# !  Gangster"

!  Science"fiction"

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!  Film"noir"

!  Horror"

!  Musical""

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!  Western"

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Defining#Elements#of#the#Genre:#Gangster# !  Rags-to-riches-to-destruction"theme"

!  Questioning"authority,"institutions"

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!  Urban"setting"

!  Female"characters:"molls"and"mothers" >>01A

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!  Protagonist:"antihero,"outsider"

One"of"the"most"famous"gangster"films,"The&Godfather""includes"many"plot" elements"common"to"the"gangster"genre,"as"well"as"a"few"deviations." The&Godfather"(1972)."Francis"Ford"Coppola,"Director.""

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Defining#Elements#of#the#Genre:#Film#Noir# !  Fatalistic"themes,"cynical"tones,"emphasis"on" corruption"and"despair"

!  Hard-boiled"characters"

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!  Urban"setting"

!  Female"characters:""Femme"fatales" >>01A

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!  Protagonist:"antihero,"outsider"

!  Highly"recognizable"visual"style"

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Often"in"film"noir,"the" hard-luck"protagonist" is"doomed"from"the" moment"the"story" opens."Note"the" chiaroscuro"lighting" effects.""

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Defining#Elements#of#the#Genre:#Film#Noir#

Double&Indemnity"(1944)." Billy"Wilder,"Director."" 20"

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Many modern noir films offer a revised genre experience by relocating noir's thematic, aesthetic, and narrative elements to contemporary times and a typical locations. Joel Coen's Fargo unfolds on the frozen prairies of rural North Dakota and the snow-packed Minneapolis suburbs.

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Defining#Elements#of#the#Genre:#Film#Noir#

tor."" 21"

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Defining#Elements#of#the#Genre:## Science#Fiction# !  Technology"versus"humanity"theme"

!  Protagonists:"Down-to-earth"

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!  Speculative"(often"futuristic)"setting"

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!  Antagonists:"“Others”"(aliens,"computers," robots,"etc.)"

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Close(Encounters(of(the( Third(Kind#(1977).#Steven# Spielberg,#Director.##

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Science&fiction&films&often& emphasize&a&malevolent& alien&as&the&“other,”&this&one& looking&much&like&a& reassuring&humanoid.&

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Defining#Elements#of#the#Genre:## Science#Fiction#

Avatar&puts&a&new&spin& on&the&science&fiction& genre&by&presenting& humans&as&the&coldblooded&alien&invaders.&

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Avatar((2009).#James# Cameron,#Director.#

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Defining#Elements#of#the#Genre:#Horror# !  Themes"of"death"and"insanity"

!  Protagonist:"Loner"or"“flawed”"character"

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!  Setting:"“normal"world”"or"rural"setting;" often"at"night"

!  Highly"recognizable"visual"style"

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!  Antagonist:"“The"Other”;"with"threats"of" infection"and"conversion"

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Bride(of(Frankenstein#(1935).#James# Whale,#Director.##

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Like&film&noir,&the&horror&genre&utilizes& a&style&of&lighting&(referred&to&as&lowkey,&or&chiaroscuro,&lighting)&that& emphasizes&stark&contrasts&between& bright&illumination&and&deep&shadow.&&

28 Days Later (2002). Danny Doyle, Director.

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Defining#Elements#of#the#Genre:#Horror#

28 Days Later uses raging zombies as the other to confront our fear of death and insanity. 25"

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Defining#Elements#of#the#Genre:#Western# !  A form of modern American mythology

!  Setting: rural, dominated by landscape

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!  Wilderness versus civilization

!  Duality of characters

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!  Highly recognizable visual style

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Eastwood’s" character" exemplifies" character"duality" in"a"Western" protagonist."

Unforgiven((1992).# Clint#Eastwood,# Director.##

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Defining#Elements#of#the#Genre:#Western#

Tension (and attraction) between encroaching civilization and the wide-open Wild West lies at the heart of most Western-genre narrative conflicts.

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My Darling Clementine (1946). John Ford, Director.

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!  Backstage narrative – stock characters/ storylines !  Integrated musical – musical performances at key dramatic moments

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Defining#Elements#of#the#Genre:#Musical#

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!  Dominated by romantic comedies and animated features

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The&Broadway&Melody&is"an"example"of"an"integrated" backstage"musical."

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Defining#Elements#of#the#Genre:#Musical#

The&Broadway&Melody&(1929)."Harry"Beaumont,"Director."" 29"

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Mamma&Mia!"uses"a"new"approach"to"the"movie"musical" featuring"the"catalog"of"the"popular"supergroup"ABBA."

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Defining#Elements#of#the#Genre:#Musical#

Mamma&Mia!&(2008)."Phyllida"Lloyd,"Director." 30"

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!  The"process"by"which"a"particular"genre"is" adapted"to"meet"the"expectations"of"a" changing"society"

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!  A"hybrid"may"combine"any"combination"of" genres" !  Subgenres"occur"when"areas"of"narrative"or" stylistic"specialization"arise"within"a"single" genre"

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Evolution#and#Transformation#of#Genre#

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In"recent"years,"much"of"the"horror"has"been"drained"from" the"subgenre"as"audiences"have"fully"embraced"the"vampire" as"a"romantic"figure."

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Evolution#and#Transformation#of#Genre#

The&Twilight&Saga:&Eclipse&(2010)."David"Slade,"Director."" 32"

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Buffy"injects"horror"into"an"otherwise"conventional"high" school"melodrama.&

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Evolution#and#Transformation#of#Genre#

or."" 33"

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!  Hand-drawn" !  Stop-motion" !  Digital"

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Animation#

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Ari#Folman’s#Waltz(with(Bashir((2008)## is"a"documentary"using"animation"to" visualize"soldiers'"recollections"of"the" Lebanese"war"of"1982."

The(Comb#(1990).#Stephen#Quay#and# Timothy#Quay,#Directors.#The"Brothers" Quay"employ"stop-motion"animation"to" create"dark,"surreal"experimental"movies."

Marjane#Satrapi’s#Perepolis((2007)# garnered"popular"and"critical"attention."It"is" hand-drawn"film,"combining"adult"subject" matter"with"graphic,"mostly"black-andwhite"drawings,"emphasizing"the"twodimensional"universe"of"her"childhood"and" adolescence"in"Iran.""

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Animation#

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!  May"begin"with"the"traditional"tools"of" theater"and"animation"like"drawings," storyboards,"or"puppets"

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!  Uses"the"virtual"world"of"computermodeling"software"to"generate"the" animation" !  Versatile"yet"expensive"

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Digital#Animation#–#1#

!  Labor"intensive"

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!  Blending"trend:"animation"in"live-action" films"

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!  A"dozen"animated"narrative"features" were"given"a"major"theatrical"release"in" the"United"States"2011" !  Compositing"–"bringing"all"the"elements" together"into"one"frame"

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Digital#Animation#–#2#

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Notice"the"high"level"of"verisimilitude"in"computer-generated"characters." These"“almost"human”"characters"may"cause"an"emotional"response"of" uneasiness"or"discomfort,"a"negative"reaction"know"as"“the"uncanny"valley.”&

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Digital#Animation#

Polar Express (2004). Robert Zemeckis, Director 38"

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Break Time

“Dancing Hotdog” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8oCnLTrXIds https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4uhKLd9tBt4

“Let’s All Go To the Lobby” (1957) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n9QAPch2o6Q https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9zz_-YHj4Fw

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Four#Documentary#Approaches#

!  Factual"

!  Persuasive"

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!  Instructive"

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!  Propaganda"

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Documentary#Concerns#

!  The"recording"of"reality"

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!  Presentation"of"political"or"social"analyses"""

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!  Education"of"the"viewer"

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Presents"people,"places,"or"processes"in"" straightforward"ways"meant"to"entertain"and" instruct"without"unduly"influencing"audiences" Lumière"Brothers’"10"short"films"(1896)"" Robert"J."Flaherty’s"Nanook&of&the&North&(1922)" Luc"Jacquet’s"March&of&the&Penguins"(2005)" Patrick"Creadon’s"Wordplay&(2006)&

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Documentary#Types:#Factual#Films#

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A"pioneering"nonfiction"film"using"narrative"film"techniques."

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Documentary#Types:##Factual#Films#

h&(1922)" 43"

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Presents"a"particular"perspective"on"social"issues"or" corporate"and"governmental"injustices"of"any"kind."

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Examples:" Chris"Smith’s"American&Movie&(1999)" Michael"Moore’s"Bowling&for&Columbine&(2002)" Morgan"Spurlock’s"Super&Size&Me"(2004)" Davis"Guggenheim’s"An&Inconvenient&Truth&(2006)"

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Documentary#Types:##Persuasive#Films#

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Content"need"not"be"“important”"to"be"persuasive" in"some"ways."

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Documentary#Types:##Persuasive#Films#

ovie (1999) 45"

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Systematically"disseminates"deceptive"or"distorted"information;" sometimes"produced"by"governments."The"shot"at"right"conveys"the" order,"discipline,"and"magnitude"the"Nazis"wanted"the"world"to"see.""

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Documentary#Types:##Propaganda#Films#

Triumph of the Will (1935). Leni Riefenstahl, Director

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!  These"documentaries"avoid"interviews"and" limit"the"use"of"narrators"

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!  Involves"the"placement"of"small"portable" camera"and"sound"recording"equipment"in"an" important"location"for"days"or"weeks," recording"events"as"they"occur" !  This"process"may"not"actually"remove"the" narrative,"and"its"editing"may"exclude" materials;"juxtapose"p...