CH1 What is Physiology.Bio 231 PDF

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CH1 What is Physiology? Wednesday, January 22, 2020

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4:38 PM

Greek word ○ Physio - nature, origin ○ Logia - the study of

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Studies the function of living organism In particular human physiology focus on the function of the organ systems

Types ○ Human ○ Animal ○ Plan ○ Cellular ○ Bacterial ○ Viral ○ Comparative ○ Physiological Ecology Scientific Method ○ Generate and Specify hypotheses ○ Design study ○ Collect data ○ Analyze data and test hypotheses ○ Interpret data ○ Publish ○ HARKing - formulating the hypothesis after the results ○ P-hacking - changing degrees of freedom and sample size until the p-value is significant Controls and blind studies ○ Controls and blinds allow to reduce errors and test if all the reagents are working properly ○ Positive control (know positive) § Contains the substance that is being tested

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§ Contains the substance that is being tested ○ Negative control (known negative) § Does not contain the substance that is being tested ○ Blind studies - don’t know who get what substance Problems with the study ○ Correlation and causation ○ Unsupported conclusions ○ Problem with sample size ○ Unrepresentative sample size ○ No control group used ○ No blind testing used Errors ○ False positive ○ False negative

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T-test

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Unifying themes in Physiology Integrative Processes obey laws of physics and chemistry Physiological processes are shaped by evolution Processes are regulated Homeostasis ○ Control center ○ Output sent via efferent pathway ○ Effector ○ Response to change ○ Homeostasis § Imbalance § Imbalance corrected ○ Change detected ○ Receptor ○ Input sent via afferent pathway Homeo= same/constant; Stasis = standing still, stable state Feedback Loops ○ Positive feedback § Account balance grows § More interest earned N ti f db k

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Negative feedback § Body term rises § Body sweats § Body temp drops Antagonistic Effectors One will cause the opposite reaction of the other ○

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Neural and Endocrine Regulation Lying down Standing up ○ Blood pressure falls sensor ○ Blood pressure receptors ○ Heart rate increases ○ Rise in blood pressure Feedback Control of Hormone Secretions

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Major tissue types Tissue: Muscle tissues Epithelial

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Audio 1

Audio recording started: 4:02 PM Monday, January 27, 2020

GO BACK HERE Organs - The Skin Interaction of different tissue types Stem cells in bulge of hair follicle Stem cells can replace old follicles What happens when the stem cells die? Organ Systems Integumentary

Nervous Endocrine Skeletal Muscular Circulatory Immune Respiratory Urinary Digestive Reproductive...