Ch4 Review - Lecture notes 4 PDF

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Ch. 4 and 5 Quizzes: Anxiety and Stress Disorders Chapter 4 Anxiety Disorders Quiz 1 Introduction + Generalized Anxiety Disorder 1. Fear differs from anxiety in that: A) fear is to a specific threat and anxiety is more general. B) anxiety is more likely to lead to aggression than is fear. C) anxiety is to an interpersonal threat and fear is to an inanimate threat. D) anxiety is an immediate response; fear is more vague. 2. The most common mental disorders in the United States are the: A) mood disorders. C) personality disorders. B) anxiety disorders. D) sexual disorders. 3. Which of the following is an anxiety disorder? A) schizophrenia C) major depression B) bipolar disorder D) obsessive-compulsive disorder 4. People with one anxiety disorder are most likely to: A) experience another anxiety disorder, too. C) experience another nonanxiety disorder. B) experience only that one anxiety disorder. D) experience hallucinations. 5. A person who is restless, keyed up, and on edge for no apparent reason is experiencing: A) free-floating anxiety. C) fearful anxiety. B) specific anxiety. D) obsessions. 6. A person who constantly worries, feels upset and nervous, so much so that it interferes with work is experiencing: A) a generalized anxiety disorder. C) a panic disorder. B) a phobia. D) an obsessive-compulsive disorder. 7. Someone interested in the effects of social change, poverty, and race on the risk for generalized anxiety disorders probably represents the ______ perspective. A) sociocultural C) humanistic-existential B) psychodynamic D) cognitive 8. Generalized anxiety disorder is more common: A) in African-Americans than in white Americans. B) in men than in women. C) years after rather than immediately after traumatic events. D) in wealthy people than in poor people. 9. One limitation of the sociocultural approach to understanding generalized anxiety disorders is that: A) it cannot explain the paradox that as poverty gets worse, generalized anxiety declines. B) it cannot explain the relationship between race, poverty, and job opportunity. C) it cannot explain why everyone who experiences danger doesn't experience generalized anxiety. D) it cannot explain the differences in generalized anxiety in countries around the world. 10. A person who believes that it is awful and catastrophic when things are not the way he or she would like them to be is displaying: A) metaworry. C) compulsion. B) irrational assumption. D) condition of worth. 11. The duration criteria for Generalized Anxiety Disorder is: A) Two weeks B) One month C) Three months D) Six months 12. Cognitive therapists believe that generalized anxiety disorder is induced by: A) maladaptive assumptions. C) interpersonal loss. B) lack of empathy. D) overactive id impulses. Page 1

Ch. 4 and 5 Quizzes: Anxiety and Stress Disorders 13. Research on the cognitive explanation for the development of generalized anxiety shows that people with generalized anxiety symptoms: A) respond more fearfully to predictable than to unpredictable events. B) fail to pay attention to threatening cues. C) overestimate their chances of being harmed. D) show little physiological arousal to stress. 14. Cognitive researchers have found that lives full of anxiety most often are associated with: A) predictable positive events. C) predictable negative events. B) unpredictable positive events. D) unpredictable negative events. 15. Which of the following is an example of a metaworry? A) worry about all possible signs of danger C) thinking about worrying B) worrying about not worrying enough D) worrying about worrying 16. Of the following, the best description of the “avoidance theory of generalized anxiety disorder” is: A) worrying serves to reduce bodily arousal. B) worrying interferes with our ability to cope with life. C) worrying keeps the focus on emotions, not cognitions. D) worrying is an uncontrollable part of life. 17. If your therapist gave you homework that required you to challenge your faulty assumptions and replace them with healthier ones, the therapist would be using: A) cognitive-existential therapy. C) rational-emotive therapy. B) client-centered therapy. D) interpersonal-physiotherapy. 18. The therapy for generalized anxiety disorder developed by Albert Ellis is called: A) behavior modification. C) self-instruction training. B) rational-emotive therapy. D) stress inoculation training. 19. Until recently, the evidence that generalized anxiety disorder is related to biological factors came largely from: A) drug studies. C) family pedigree studies. B) clinical interviews. D) neurological studies. 20. GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter believed to be involved in reducing the excitability of neurons in the limbic system, has been implicated in the etiology of: A) schizophrenia. C) conversion disorder. B) panic disorder. D) generalized anxiety disorder. 21. Benzodiazepines are believed to be effective in treating generalized anxiety disorder because they mimic the effect of ______ at certain receptor sites in the limbic system and hypothalamus. A) GABA B) dopamine C) acetylcholine D) serotonin 22. If your friend asks you which of the following medications would be best to treat generalized anxiety disorder, you should say: A) an antipsychotic. C) an antidepressant. B) an anti-GAMA drug. D) an antiemetic. 23. Disadvantages of taking benzodiazepines include all of the following except: A) lack of sleep, increased anxiety, and passivity. B) return of anxiety symptoms when the medication is withdrawn. C) impairment in cognitive and psychomotor functioning. D) physical dependence on the drug. Page 2

Ch. 4 and 5 Quizzes: Anxiety and Stress Disorders 24. Which of the following is a nondrug biological treatment for anxiety that is in general use today? A) psychoanalysis C) behavior modification B) relaxation training D) rational-emotive therapy 25. Devon is being treated for anxiety. He is connected to an instrument that records muscle tension. His job is to try to reduce muscle tension. This is an example of: A) biofeedback training. C) relaxation training. B) EMG training. D) self-instruction training. 26. A friend asks you whether to try relaxation training or biofeedback to reduce anxiety. Based upon present research, your best answer is: A) “Try something else; neither one works very well.” B) “Try either one; they're both modestly effective.” C) “Try relaxation training; biofeedback doesn't work.” D) “Try biofeedback; relaxation doesn't work.” Chapter 4 Anxiety Disorders Quiz 2 - Phobias 27. College students who always become so anxious when taking a test that they cannot remember even simple things that they know quite well are experiencing: A) a generalized anxiety disorder. C) a panic disorder. B) a phobia. D) an obsessive-compulsive disorder. 28. An intense, persistent, and irrational fear that is accompanied by a compelling desire to avoid the object of the fear to the point of interfering with the life of the person is called: A) panic disorder. C) obsessive-compulsive disorder. B) phobic disorder. D) generalized anxiety disorder. 29. Karla's phobia about small insects is: A) acrophobia. B) agoraphobia. C) social phobia. D) specific phobia. 30. Steve is afraid of eating in public, expecting to be judged negatively and to feel humiliated. As a result, he always makes up excuses when asked out to eat. He would most likely be diagnosed with: A) a social phobia. C) generalized anxiety disorder. B) a specific phobia. D) posttraumatic stress disorder. 31. Which of the following is true about specific phobias? A) It is the most common anxiety disorder. Each year about 9% of people in the United States have symptoms of a phobia. B) Men are more likely than women to have phobias. C) There do not appear to be racial differences in the incidence of phobias. D) Most people with phobias seek treatment. 32. When he was five years old, Samir was almost struck by lightning while walking through a forest during a rainstorm. Today, he is extremely afraid of trees. A behaviorist would say that he has acquired this fear by: A) operant conditioning. C) classical conditioning. B) modeling and imitation. D) stimulus generalization. 33. Davon watched his father recoil from a snake in fear. Now he is afraid of snakes. This apparent acquisition of fear of snakes is an example of: A) modeling. C) escape response. B) response discrimination. D) stimulus generalization. Page 3

Ch. 4 and 5 Quizzes: Anxiety and Stress Disorders 34. Little Karen was bitten by a tan pony she was riding at a carnival. It hurt and frightened her. The next month she was visiting her uncle, who had a tan Great Dane (dog). It frightened her even though she had never had a bad experience with a dog. Fear of this dog is an example of: A) response discrimination. C) stimulus generalization. B) modeling. D) vicarious reinforcement. 35. Apparently, people develop phobias more readily to such objects as spiders and the dark than they do to such objects as computers and radios. This observation supports the idea of: A) modeling. C) conditioning. B) stimulus generalization. D) preparedness. 36. Someone who believes that among our ancestors, those who feared animals, darkness, and heights were more likely to survive long enough to reproduce, represents the ______ explanation of the development of phobias. A) environmental B) evolutionary C) empirical D) externalized 37. A phobic person is taken to a snake-handling convention in order to actually confront snakes as part of desensitization training. This is an example of the ______ technique. A) covert B) modeling C) fear hierarchical D) in vivo 38. A phobic person is taught to imagine the feared items as part of desensitization training. This is an example of the ______ technique. A) covert C) fear hierarchical flooding B) modeling D) in vivo 39. Pairing the thought of feared objects and relaxation training is: A) implosive therapy. C) experimental extinction. B) systematic desensitization. D) self-instruction training. 40. Your fear of spiders is debilitating because you are an entomologist. To treat this phobia, your therapist puts you in a room with spiders, even asking you to handle them. This technique might be used in: A) modeling. C) covert desensitization. B) flooding. D) systematic desensitization. 41. If you were afraid of dogs and your therapist treated you by interacting with dogs while you watched, you would be receiving: A) modeling. C) systematic desensitization. B) flooding. D) biofeedback. 42. A phobic person is exposed to computer graphics that simulate real-world situations. This is an example of the ______ technique. A) covert C) fear hierarchical flooding B) virtual reality D) in vivo 43. The most accurate summary of the impact of the rational-emotive and other cognitive approaches on social fears is that these approaches usually: A) have no long-term beneficial effects. B) produce social fear elimination. C) produce only short-term social fear reduction. D) produce long-term social fear reduction.

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Ch. 4 and 5 Quizzes: Anxiety and Stress Disorders 44. If a friend asked you for the best advice (research-supported) for treating a phobias, you should say A) benzodiazepines work better than antidepressants. B) exposure therapy for specific phobias; adding group therapy and social skills training for social phobia. C) there really isn't any treatment that's successful with phobias. D) social skills training is best followed by exposure treatment followed by the benzodiazepines. 45. The duration criteria for Phobia (Specific and Social) is: A) Two weeks B) One month C) Three months D) Six months Chapter 4 Anxiety Disorders Quiz 3 - Panic Disorder 46. A person who frequently experiences terror attacks, and goes to the emergency room complaining of shortness of breath, rapid heart rate, and feelings of impending death, although nothing is medically wrong, is experiencing: A) a generalized anxiety disorder. C) a panic disorder. B) a phobia. D) an obsessive-compulsive disorder. 47. Rosa's heart was racing from the 4 cups of coffee she had just finished, but she thought she might be having a heart attack. Her fear seemed to be increasing without end. This might be the beginning of a: A) panic attack. B) manic episode. C) specific phobia. D) social phobia. 48. The phobia most often associated with panic disorder is: A) claustrophobia. B) acrophobia. C) agoraphobia. D) metrophobia. 49. Panic disorder appears to be related to abnormal activity of which neurotransmitter? A) norepinephrine B) epinephrine C) serotonin D) endorphin 50. Which of the following convinces researchers that panic disorder is biologically different from generalized anxiety disorder? A) differences in the way the amygdala works in each disorder B) differences in the alarm and escape response in the brain C) differences in the brain circuitry in the two disorders D) differences in the heritability of the two disorders 51. The proportion of panic-attack sufferers who are helped at least somewhat by antidepressant drugs is about: A) 40%. B) 60%. C) 80%. D) almost 100%. 52. Antidepressants and alprazolam (Xanax) have been found to be successful in treating: A) phobias. C) generalized anxiety disorders. B) panic disorders. D) obsessive-compulsive disorders. 53. What type of drug is alprazolam (Xanax)? A) antipsychotic B) antidepressant C) benzodiazepine D) major tranquilizer 54. The cognitive explanation for panic disorders is that people who have them: A) have relatives who are atypically anxious. B) are prone to allergies and have immune deficiencies. C) misinterpret bodily sensations. D) experience more stress than average.

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Ch. 4 and 5 Quizzes: Anxiety and Stress Disorders 55. Imagine that researchers investigating panic disorder gave you a drug that caused you to hyperventilate and your heart to beat rapidly. You would have been given a(n): A) in vivo test. C) covert sensitization test. B) modeling test. D) biological challenge test. 56. People who experience a positive event, get excited, breathe harder, and have an increase in their heart rate, then interpret the symptoms as a heart attack, are experiencing what cognitive theorists call: A) biological challenge. C) anxiety sensitivity. B) behavioral inhibition. D) exposure relapse. 57. Which of the following therapies is an effective long-term, nonpharmacological treatment for panic attack that involves teaching patients to interpret their physical sensations accurately? A) cognitive B) behavioral C) humanistic D) psychodynamic 58. Which of the following is true about drug and cognitive treatments for panic disorder? A) Drug treatments are significantly more effective, especially early in the disorder. B) Cognitive treatment is more effective over time, even if the person continues to take medication. C) Both drug treatments and cognitive treatments are effective. D) Neither drug treatments nor cognitive treatments show much promise. Chapter 4 Anxiety Disorders Quiz 4 - Obsessive Compulsive Disorder 59. When someone checks the stove 10 times to make sure it is turned off before leaving in the morning, he or she is exhibiting a(n): A) obsession. B) compulsion. C) panic attack. D) phobia. 60. Religious rituals and superstitious behavior (such as not stepping on cracks) would be considered a compulsive behavior: A) when done to provide comfort and reduce tension. B) when done more than once a day. C) when they interfere with daily function and cause distress. D) never. 61. People who experience obsessions show: A) typical levels of worry about real problems. B) thoughts that are intrusive and foreign to them. C) thoughts that they can easily ignore and resist. D) a lack of awareness that the thoughts are inappropriate. 62. If a professor had the notion that there were germs lurking everywhere, on papers students handed in, on books checked out of the library, on the chalk left by the previous teacher, the professor would be experiencing: A) obsessive wishes. B) obsessive ideas. C) obsessive images. D) obsessive doubt. 63. Which of the following reflects the most common obsessive thought? A) If I touch that doorknob, I will be dirty and contaminated. B) I must make sure that the brochures are folded evenly. C) I can hardly stop myself from yelling sexual obscenities in class. D) I hope that person dies a long, slow death. 64. Sally is never sure of the right thing to do. She married Tod and has been wondering for years if that was the right thing to do. She is exhibiting: A) a compulsion. B) obsessive ideas. C) obsessive doubts. D) obsessive images. Page 6

Ch. 4 and 5 Quizzes: Anxiety and Stress Disorders 65. Jethro hates his mother-in-law and can't seem to stop imagining her lying in a pool of blood, in pieces. These thoughts are interfering with his daily life. He is exhibiting: A) a compulsion. B) obsessive ideas. C) obsessive doubts. D) obsessive images. 66. Sam can't leave for work without going back into his house and making sure that he has taken all of his writing materials. He does this several times before he allows himself to start the car and drive to work. He is frequently late for work because he is so unsure about remembering everything. Sam is displaying: A) agoraphobia. C) a checking compulsion. B) an obsession. D) nonpathological caution. 67. Someone who can tell you exactly how many ceiling tiles there are in each classroom and how many people's names were in the credits of the movie he watched last night is exhibiting a: A) checking compulsion. C) symmetry compulsion. B) counting compulsion. D) verbal ritual. 68. Someone who is anxious unless her books are perfectly lined up on her desk and who must eat the food on her plate in a balanced order is exhibiting a: A) checking compulsion. C) order or balance compulsion. B) counting compulsion. D) cleaning compulsion. 69. A professor who puts on rubber gloves before grading papers and religiously avoids any contact with the hands of students is exhibiting a(n): A) cleaning compulsion. C) order compulsion. B) checking compulsion. D) touching compulsion. 70. What is one important way obsessions and compulsions are related? A) Compulsions are a way to prevent obsessions from occurring. B) Obsessions generally lead to violent or immoral compulsions. C) Compulsions help people control their obsessions. D) Obsessions are not related to compulsions. 71. Behaviorists believe that compulsive behavior: A) is reinforced because engaging in it reduces anxiety. B) originally is associated with an increase in anxiety. C) is logically rather than randomly connected to fearful situations. D) is exhibited by everyone. 72. The treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder with exposure and response-prevention therapies has produced: A) considerable improvement in less than half of those treated. B) slight improvement in less than half of those treated. C) considerable improvement in more than half of those treated. D) slight improvement in more than half of those treated. 73. Exposure and response prevention as treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A) changes behavior in the clinic, but don't carry over to home and the workplace. B) works only in about 25% of those who are treated with it. C) does not work as well for those who have obsessions but no compulsions. D) is only effective in a group setting. 74. According to cognitive theorists, compulsive acts serve to ______ obsessive thoughts. A) reinforce B) increase C) neutralize D) clarify Page 7

Ch. 4 and 5 Quizzes: Anxiety and Stress Disorders 75. Cognitive theorists have found that people who develop obsessive-compulsive disorder also: A) have a lower rate of depression. B) have lower standards of conduct and morality. C) believe it is impossible and undesirable to have control over everything. D) believe their thoughts are capable of causing harm. 76. If a client were instructed to tape-record obsessive thoughts and listen to them for two hours each day, the client would be experiencing what therapy technique? A) response prevention C) free association B) habituation training D) neutralization 77. Antidepressants that are effective in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder serve to: A) increase serotonin activity in the brain. B) increase norepinephrine activity in the brain. C) increase the ...