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Chapter6 ATouroftheCell Multiple-ChoiceQuestions 1) Whenbiologistswishtostudytheinternalultrastructureofcells,theymostlikelywoulduse A) alightmicroscope. B) ascanningelectronmicroscope. C) atransmissionelectronicmicroscope. D) AandB E) BandC Answer: C Topic: Concept6.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

2) Theadvantageoflightmicroscopyoverelectronmicroscopyisthat A) lightmicroscopyprovidesforhighermagnificationthanelectronmicroscopy. B) lightmicroscopyprovidesforhigherresolvingpowerthanelectronmicroscopy. C) lightmicroscopyallowsonetoviewdynamicprocessesinlivingcells. D) AandB E) BandC Answer: C Topic: Concept6.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

3) Aprimaryobjectiveofcellfractionationisto A) viewthestructureofcellmembranes. B) identifytheenzymesoutsidetheorganelles. C) determinethesizeofvariousorganelles. D) separatethemajororganellessothattheirparticularfunctionscanbedetermined. E) crackthecellwallsothecytoplasmiccontentscanbereleased. Answer: D Topic: Concept6.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

4) Inthefractionationofhomogenizedcellsusingcentrifugation,theprimaryfactorthatdetermineswhethera specificcellularcomponentendsupinthesupernatantorthepelletis A) therelativesolubilityofthecomponent. B) thesizeandweightofthecomponent. C) thepercentageofcarbohydratesinthecomponent. D) thenumberofenzymesinthefraction. E) thepresenceorabsenceoflipidsinthecomponent. Answer: B Topic: Concept6.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

5) Whichofthefollowingcorrectlyliststheorderinwhichcellularcomponentswillbefoundinthepelletwhen homogenizedcellsaretreatedwithincreasinglyrapidspinsinacentrifuge? A) ribosomes,nucleus,mitochondria B) chloroplasts,ribosomes,vacuoles C) nucleus,ribosomes,chloroplasts D) vacuoles,ribosomes,nucleus E) nucleus,mitochondria,ribosomes Answer: E Topic: Concept6.1 Skill: Application/Analysis

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6) Quantumdotsaresmall(15—30nmdiameter),brightparticlesvisibleusinglightmicroscopy.Ifthedotscanbe specificallyboundtoindividualproteinsonaplasmamembraneofacell,whichofthefollowing correctly describestheadvantageofusingquantumdotsinexaminingproteins? A) Thedotspermitthepositionoftheproteinstobedeterminedmoreprecisely. B) Thedotspermittheaveragedistancebetweentheproteinstobedeterminedmoreprecisely. C) Thedotspermitthesizeoftheproteinstobedeterminedmoreprecisely. D) Thedotspermitthemotionoftheproteinstobedeterminedmoreprecisely. E) Thedotspermitvisualizationofproteinsinteractingwithlipids. Answer: D Topic: Concept6.1 Skill: Application/Analysis

7) Ifamodernelectronmicroscope(TEM)canresolvebiologicalimagestothenanometerlevel,asopposedtothe bestlightmicroscope,thisisduetowhichofthefollowing? A) Thefocallengthoftheelectronmicroscopeissignificantlylonger. B) Contrastisenhancedbystainingwithatomsofheavymetal. C) Electronbeamshavemuchshorterwavelengthsthanvisiblelight. D) Theelectronmicroscopehasmuchgreaterratioofimagesizetorealsize. E) Theelectronmicroscopecannotimagewholecellsatonetime. Answer: C Topic: Concept6.1 Skill: Application/Analysis

8) Abiologistisstudyingkidneytubulesinsmallmammals.Shewantsspecificallytoexaminethejuxtapositionof differenttypesofcellsinthesestructures.Thecellsinquestioncanbedistinguishedbyexternalshape,size, and3- dimensionalcharacteristics.Whichwouldbetheoptimummethodforherstudy? A) transmissionelectronmicroscopy B) cellfractionation C) lightmicroscopyusingstainsspecifictokidneyfunction D) lightmicroscopyusinglivingunstainedmaterial E) scanningelectronmicroscopy Answer: E Topic: Concept6.1 Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation

9) Anewspaperadforalocaltoystoreindicatesthataveryinexpensivemicroscopeavailableforasmallchildis abletomagnifyspecimensnearlyasmuchasthemuchmorecostlymicroscopeavailableinyourcollegelab. Whatistheprimaryreasonforthepricedifference? A) Theadagencyismisrepresentingtheabilityofthetoymicroscopetomagnify. B) Thetoymicroscopedoesnothavethesamefinecontrolforfocusofthespecimen. C) Thetoymicroscopemagnifiesagooddeal,buthaslowresolutionandthereforepoorqualityimages. D) Thecollegemicroscopeproducesgreatercontrastinthespecimens. E) Thetoymicroscopeusuallyusesadifferentwavelengthoflightsource. Answer: C Topic: Concept6.1 Skill: Application/Analysis

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10) Whyisitimportanttoknowwhatmicroscopymethodwasusedtopreparetheimagesyouwishtostudy? A) sothatyoucanjudgewhethertheimagesyouareseeingareofcellsoroforganelles B) sothatyoucanmakeajudgmentaboutthelikelihoodofartifactshavingbeenintroducedinthe preparation C) sothatyoucandecidewhethertheimageisactuallyofthesizedescribed D) sothatyoucanknowwhethertoviewtheimageincolorornot E) sothatyoucaninterpretthecorrectbiochemicalprocessthatisoccurring Answer: B Topic: Concept6.1 Skill: Application/Analysis

11) Allofthefollowingare partofaprokaryoticcellexcept A) DNA. B) acellwall. C) aplasmamembrane. D) ribosomes. E) anendoplasmicreticulum. Answer: E Topic: Concept6.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

12) Thevolumeenclosedbytheplasmamembraneofplantcellsisoftenmuchlargerthanthecorresponding volumeinanimalcells.Themostreasonableexplanationforthisobservationisthat A) plantcellsarecapableofhavingamuchhighersurface - to- volumeratiothananimalcells. B) plantcellshaveamuchmorehighlyconvoluted(folded)plasmamembranethananimalcells. C) plantcellscontainalargevacuolethatreducesthevolumeofthecytoplasm. D) animalcellsaremorespherical,whileplantcellsareelongated. E) thebasicfunctionsofplantcellsareverydifferentfromthoseofanimalcells. Answer: C Topic: Concept6.2 Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation

13) Amycoplasmaisanorganismwithadiameterbetween0.1and1.0μm.Whatdoesitssizetellyouabouthowit mightbeclassified? A) Itmustbeasinglecelledprotist. B) Itmustbeasinglecelledfungus. C) Itcouldbealmostanytypicalbacterium. D) Itcouldbeatypicalvirus. E) Itcouldbeaverysmallbacterium. Answer: E Topic: Concept6.2 Skill: Application/Analysis

14) Whichofthefollowingisamajorcauseofthesizelimitsforcertaintypesofcells? A) theevolutionoflargercellsaftertheevolutionofsmallercells B) thedifferenceinplasmamembranesbetweenprokaryotesandeukaryotes C) theevolutionofeukaryotesaftertheevolutionofprokaryotes D) theneedforasurfaceareaofsufficientareatoallowthecellʹsfunction E) theobservationthatlongercellsusuallyhavegreatercellvolume Answer: D Topic: Concept6.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

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15) Largenumbersofribosomesarepresentincellsthatspecializeinproducingwhichofthefollowingmolecules? A) lipids B) starches C) proteins D) steroids E) glucose Answer: C Topic: Concept6.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

16) Thenuclearlaminaisanarrayoffilamentsontheinnersideofthenuclearmembrane.Ifamethodwerefound thatcouldcausethelaminatofallintodisarray,whatwouldyouexpecttobethemostlikelyconsequence? A) thelossofallnuclearfunction B) theinabilityofthecelltowithstandenzymaticdigestion C) achangeintheshapeofthenucleus D) failureofchromosomestocarrygeneticinformation E) inabilityofthenucleustokeepoutdestructivechemicals Answer: C Topic: Concept6.3 Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation

17) Recentevidenceshowsthatindividualchromosomesoccupyfairlydefinedterritorieswithinthenucleus. Giventhestructureandlocationofthefollowingpartsofthenucleus,whichwouldbemoreprobablyinvolved inchromosomelocation? A) nuclearpores B) thenucleolus C) theouterlipidbilayer D) thenuclearlamina E) thenuclearmatrix Answer: E Topic: Concept6.3 Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation

18) Underwhichofthefollowingconditionswouldyouexpecttofindacellwithapredominanceoffree ribosomes? A) acellthatissecretingproteins B) acellthatisproducingcytoplasmicenzymes C) acellthatisconstructingitscellwallorextracellularmatrix D) acellthatisdigestingfoodparticles E) acellthatisenlargingitsvacuole Answer: B Topic: Concepts6.3,6.4 Skill: Application/Analysis

19) Whichtypeoforganelleisprimarilyinvolvedinthesynthesisofoils,phospholipids,andsteroids? A) ribosome B) lysosome C) smoothendoplasmicreticulum D) mitochondrion E) contractilevacuole Answer: C Topic: Concept6.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

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20) Whichstructureisthesiteofthesynthesisofproteinsthatmaybeexportedfromthecell? A) roughER B) lysosomes C) plasmodesmata D) Golgivesicles E) tightjunctions Answer: A Topic: Concept6.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

21) TheGolgiapparatushasapolarityorsidednesstoitsstructureandfunction.Whichofthefollowingstatements correctlydescribesthispolarity? A) TransportvesiclesfusewithonesideoftheGolgiandleavefromtheoppositeside. B) ProteinsinthemembraneoftheGolgimaybesortedandmodifiedastheymovefromonesideofthe Golgitotheother. C) LipidsinthemembraneoftheGolgimaybesortedandmodifiedastheymovefromonesideoftheGolgi totheother. D) Solubleproteinsinthecisternae(interior)oftheGolgimaybesortedandmodifiedastheymovefromone sideoftheGolgitotheother. E) AlloftheabovecorrectlydescribepolarcharacteristicsoftheGolgifunction. Answer: E Topic: Concept6.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

22) Thefactthattheoutermembraneofthenuclearenvelopehasboundribosomesallowsoneto mostreliably concludethat A) atleastsomeoftheproteinsthatfunctioninthenuclearenvelopearemadebytheribosomesonthe nuclearenvelope. B) thenuclearenvelopeisnotpartoftheendomembranesystem. C) thenuclearenvelopeisphysicallycontinuouswiththeendoplasmicreticulum. D) smallvesiclesfromtheGolgifusewiththenuclearenvelope. E) nuclearporecomplexescontainproteins. Answer: A Topic: Concept6.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

23) Thedifferenceinlipidandproteincompositionbetweenthemembranesoftheendomembranesystemis largelydeterminedby A) thephysicalseparationofmostmembranesfromeachother. B) thetransportationofmembraneamongtheendomembranesystembysmallmembranevesicles. C) thefunctionoftheGolgiapparatusinsortingmembranecomponents. D) themodificationofthemembranecomponentsoncetheyreachtheirfinaldestination. E) thesynthesisoflipidsandproteinsineachoftheorganellesoftheendomembranesystem. Answer: C Topic: Concept6.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

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24) Inanimalcells,hydrolyticenzymesarepackagedtopreventgeneraldestructionofcellularcomponents.Which ofthefollowingorganellesfunctionsinthiscompartmentalization? A) chloroplast B) lysosome C) centralvacuole D) peroxisome E) glyoxysome Answer: B Topic: Concept6.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

25) Whichofthefollowingstatementscorrectly describessomeaspectofproteindisposalfromprokaryoticcells? A) Prokaryotesareunlikelytobeabletoexcreteproteinsbecausetheylackanendomembranesystem. B) Themechanismofproteinexcretioninprokaryotesisprobablythesameasthatineukaryotes. C) Proteinsthatareexcretedbyprokaryotesaresynthesizedonribosomesthatareboundtothecytoplasmic surfaceoftheplasmamembrane. D) Inprokaryotes,theribosomesthatareusedforthesynthesisofsecretedproteinsarelocatedoutsideof thecell. E) Prokaryotescontainlargeporesintheirplasmamembranethatpermitthemovementofproteinsoutof thecell. Answer: C Topic: Concept6.4 Skill: Application/Analysis

26) Tay-Sachsdiseaseisahumangeneticabnormalitythatresultsincellsaccumulatingandbecomingclogged withverylargeandcomplexlipids.Whichcellularorganellemustbeinvolvedinthiscondition? A) theendoplasmicreticulum B) theGolgiapparatus C) thelysosome D) mitochondria E) membrane-boundribosomes Answer: C Topic: Concept6.4 Skill: Application/Analysis

27) Theliverisinvolvedindetoxificationofmanypoisonsanddrugs.Whichofthefollowingstructuresis primarilyinvolvedinthisprocessandthereforeabundantinlivercells? A) roughER B) smoothER C) Golgiapparatus D) Nuclearenvelope E) Transportvesicles Answer: B Topic: Concept6.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

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28) Whichofthefollowingproducesandmodifiespolysaccharidesthatwillbesecreted? A) lysosome B) vacuole C) mitochondrion D) Golgiapparatus E) peroxisome Answer: D Topic: Concept6.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

29) Whichofthefollowingcontainshydrolyticenzymes? A) lysosome B) vacuole C) mitochondrion D) Golgiapparatus E) peroxisome Answer: A Topic: Concept6.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

30) Whichofthefollowingisacompartmentthatoftentakesupmuchofthevolumeofaplantcell? A) lysosome B) vacuole C) mitochondrion D) Golgiapparatus E) peroxisome Answer: B Topic: Concept6.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

31) Whichisoneofthemainenergytransformersofcells? A) lysosome B) vacuole C) mitochondrion D) Golgiapparatus E) peroxisome Answer: C Topic: Concept6.5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

32) WhichofthefollowingcontainsitsownDNAandribosomes? A) lysosome B) vacuole C) mitochondrion D) Golgiapparatus E) peroxisome Answer: C Topic: Concept6.5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

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33) Whichofthefollowingcontainsenzymesthattransferhydrogenfromvarioussubstratestooxygen? A) lysosome B) vacuole C) mitochondrion D) Golgiapparatus E) peroxisome Answer: E Topic: Concept6.5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

34) Grana,thylakoids,andstromaareallcomponentsfoundin A) vacuoles. B) chloroplasts. C) mitochondria. D) lysosomes. E) nuclei. Answer: B Topic: Concept6.5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

35) OrganellesotherthanthenucleusthatcontainDNAinclude A) ribosomes. B) mitochondria. C) chloroplasts. D) BandConly E) A,B,andC Answer: D Topic: Concept6.5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

36) Thechemicalreactionsinvolvedinrespirationarevirtuallyidenticalbetweenprokaryoticandeukaryoticcells. Ineukaryoticcells,ATPissynthesizedprimarilyontheinnermembraneofthemitochondria.Wherearethe correspondingreactionslikelytooccurinprokaryoticrespiration? A) inthecytoplasm B) ontheinnermitochondrialmembrane C) ontheendoplasmicreticulum D) ontheinnerplasmamembrane E) ontheinnernuclearenvelope Answer: D Topic: Concept6.5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

37) Abiologistgroundupsomeplantleafcellsandthencentrifugedthemixturetofractionatetheorganelles. OrganellesinoneoftheheavierfractionscouldproduceATPinthelight,whileorganellesinthelighter fractioncouldproduceATPinthedark.Theheavierandlighterfractionsaremostlikelytocontain, respectively, A) mitochondriaandchloroplasts. B) chloroplastsandperoxisomes. C) peroxisomesandchloroplasts. D) chloroplastsandmitochondria. E) mitochondriaandperoxisomes. Answer: D Topic: Concept6.5 Skill: Application/Analysis

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38) Whichofthefollowingarecapableofconvertinglightenergytochemicalenergy? A) chloroplasts B) mitochondria C) leucoplasts D) peroxisomes E) Golgibodies Answer: A Topic: Concept6.5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

39) Acellhasthefollowingmoleculesandstructures:enzymes,DNA,ribosomes,plasmamembrane,and mitochondria.Itcouldbeacellfrom A) abacterium. B) ananimal,butnotaplant. C) aplant,butnotananimal. D) aplantorananimal. E) anykindoforganism. Answer: D Topic: Concept6.5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

40) Themitochondrion,likethenucleus,hastwoormoremembranelayers.Howistheinnermostoftheselayers differentfromthatofthenucleus? A) Theinnermitochondrialmembraneishighlyfolded. B) Thetwomembranesarebiochemicallyverydifferent. C) Thespacebetweenthetwolayersofthenuclearmembraneislarger. D) Theinnermembraneofthemitochondrionisseparatedoutintothylakoids. E) Theinnermitochondrialmembraneisdevoidofnearlyallproteins. Answer: A Topic: Concept6.5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

41) Whyisnʹtthemitochondrionclassifiedaspartoftheendomembranesystem? A) Itonlyhastwomembranelayers. B) ItsstructureisnotderivedfromtheER. C) Ithastoomanyvesicles. D) Itisnotinvolvedinproteinsynthesis. E) Itisnotattachedtotheouternuclearenvelope. Answer: B Topic: Concept6.5 Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation

42) Theperoxisomegetsitsnamefromitsinteractionwithhydrogenperoxide.Ifalivercellisdetoxifyingalcohol andsomeotherpoisons,itdoessobyremovalofhydrogenfromthemolecules.What,then,dotheenzymesof theperoxisomedo? A) combinethehydrogenwithATP B) usethehydrogentobreakdownhydrogenperoxide C) transfertheharmfulsubstancestothemitochondria D) transferthehydrogenstooxygenmolecules Answer: D Topic: Concept6.5 Skill: Application/Analysis

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43) Howdoesthecellmultiplyitsperoxisomes? A) TheybudofffromtheER. B) Theyarebroughtintothecellfromtheenvironment. C) Theyarebuiltdenovofromcytosolmaterials. D) Theysplitintwoaftertheyaretoolarge. E) Thecellsynthesizeshydrogenperoxideandenclosesitinamembrane. Answer: D Topic: Concept6.5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

44) Motorproteinsprovideformolecularmotionincellsbyinteractingwithwhattypesofcellularstructures? A) sitesofenergyproductionincellularrespiration B) membraneproteins C) ribosomes D) cytoskeletons E) cellulosefibersinthecellwall Answer: D Topic: Concept6.6 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

45) Cellscanbedescribedashavingacytoskeletonofinternalstructuresthatcontributetotheshape,organization, andmovementofthecell.Whichofthefollowingarepartofthecytoskeleton? A) thenuclearenvelope B) mitochondria C) microfilaments D) lysosomes E) nucleoli Answer: A Topic: Concept6.6 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

46) Ofthefollowing,whichcellstructurewouldmostlikelybevisiblewithalightmicroscopethathasbeen manufacturedtothemaximumresolvingpowerpossible? A) mitochondrion B) microtubule C) ribosome D) largestmicrofilament E) nuclearpore Answer: A Topic: Concept6.6 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

47) Whichofthefollowingcontainthe9+2arrangementofmicrotubules? A) cilia B) centrioles C) flagella D) AandConly E) A,B,andC Answer: D Topic: Concept6.6 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

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Usethefollowingtoanswerthefollowingquestions.Allthreeareinvolvedinmaintenanceofcellshape. Property

Microtubules(tubulin polymers) Structure Hollowtubes;wall consistsof13columnsof tubulinmolecules Diameter 25nmwith15 - nmlumen Mainfunctions Cellmotility

Microfilaments(actin filaments) Twointertwinedstrands ofactin,eachapolymerof actinsubunits 7nm Cellmotility

Intermediatefilaments Fibrousproteins supercoiledintothicker cables 8- 12nm Anchorage

48) Tubulinisadimer,madeupof2slightlydifferentpolypeptides,alphaandbeta.Giventhestructureabove, whatisthemostlikely...