Chap 2 Notes - In this includes the main vocab, and key people and points in this chapter and PDF

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In this includes the main vocab, and key people and points in this chapter and for that lecture. ...

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Chap 2 Notes: Line and shapes Line: finite concept-a mark positioned in relation to two fixed points. Shape: keeping something together is another definition

LINE Line: Math-path made by moving point. Art- a line is a moving dot. ● Pablo Picasso practiced this by his “light drawings”

Measures of a Line -refers to length and its width -given enough width line can play role of shape. Ex) Kritin Baker’s Oculatei Der Boomen, and Sylivias Plimack Mangold’s “Three exact Rules”

Types and Qualities of Lines -Lines can be straight, curved, vertical, horizontal or diagonal -As Line change direction can become zigzag, curved line can join to make a shape

-quality of line related to its measure (thick or thin) and charcteristics (smooth, jagged, continuous, broken) ● Artists may manipulate this to create texture ● Lines may be perceived as calm or forceful, tentative or assertive, tender or brutal. o Ex) Mathew Ritchie, Proposition Player ● Line may carry its own symbolism if its dominant o Ex) Frank Hurley, The Endurance by Night Actual, Implied, and Psychological Lines Actual Lines: physically present in a work of art ● Hurley’s painting, and Sam Gilliam, Swing 64

Implied Line: sense of line created by the perceptual tendency to connect a series of points.

● Ex) Alma Woodsey Thomas, Light Blue Nursery Psychological Line: conceptual connection-an invisible linear path- between or among elements of characters in a composition. ● Ex) Emily Mary Osborne, Nameless and Friendless

Directionality of Line: Vertical, Horizontal, and Diagonal -Motion is implied in line as moving point -so vertical, horizontal and diagonal mean movement of line -Horizontal lines in nature suggest calm and stability -Vertical lines seem to defy gravity, rising from our earth bound perspective to seemingly limitless heights -Diagonal lines convey energy spontaneity, and whimsicality ● Ex) Jacob Lawrence Tempera painting, The life of Harriet Tubman LINE AND SHAPE Outline and Contour Line Outline: actual line- a concrete mark that defines a boundary or outer edge of object ● Ex) Sandra Boticelli, Birth of Venus Contour Line: not actual line, but an edge that is perceived where a 3-D form curves away from the viewer ● Ex) Mona Lisa, used technique called chiaroscuro or modeling-to create the illusion of 3-D on 2-D. Line, Value, Shape -Value by altering density of lines from light to dark, and sense of roundness and fullness ● Crosshatching: create a sense of volume by dense patterns of crisscrossed lines ● Stippling: more of less dense of pattern dots ● Hatching: closely spaced parallel lines. Ex) Catletts, Sharecroppers

Shape, Form, Volume, and Mass -interrelated words used to define distinct areas or parts of work of art and architecture

-Shape generally used to describe flat, enclosed areas like a circle -Form is often used to describe 3-D shapes -Volume is measurable space within a 3-D form, or capacity -Mass in physics refer to amount of matter that something contains, in art used to describe bulk of solid, 3-D form. ● Solid form such as in sculpture may have actual mass ● And 2-D has implied mass Shape -distinct areas on a 2-D surface that can be created in several ways by connecting a line to itself, thereby enclosing an area; when intersecting lines enclosed an area Form -described as totality of a work of art-its elements, designs principles, and composition. -is visual expressions of an idea Formalism: is an approach to art criticism that concentrates primarily on elements and design of work of art, rather than historical context or the biographies of artists Volume -implies containment-the amount of space in an enclosed area or in an empty 3-D object. Space within areas Ex) Gerrit Rietveld, Schroder House -also describes loudness of sound in mediums such as videos Mass -refers to its bulk Actual Mass Vs. Implied Mass -pyramids actual mass -2-D may convey implied mass TYPES OF SHAPES -the outer edge of shape characterizes the shape type -shapes with straight edge and angular corners are described as rectilinear. -shapes with curving edges described as curvilinear 

Both of these described as geometric as well. -pure geometric shapes-such as circle; spheres are labeled nonobjective because derived from visible reality -abstract shapes are radical alterations of visible reality-simplifications, exaggerations, or transmutations -amorphous shapes essentially implied shapes; visually speaking, vague Geometric Shapes -related to concepts in geometry Ex) Dorothea Rockburne’s work Pascal’s Provincial letters Organic Shapes -derived from those found in nature, commonly found Nonobjective and Abstract Shapes -nonobjective shapes make no ref to visible reality Ex) geometric shapes -abstract shapes connected to visible reality Amorphous and Shapelessness in Art -shapes is irregular pooling of colors -but abstract has more geometric shapes but design still shapeless

POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SHAPES, FIGURE AND GROUND -in 2-D shape referred to as figure and empty area surrounding it called ground -figure is positive shape, and ground is negative Figure-ground reversal: by shifting our focus from figure to ground, like an illusion SHAPE AS ICON Ex) shape of cross for Christians, and symbol of yin and yang -some symbols became universal, and based on what was called famous

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