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Psychological Testing and Assessment Testbank...

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Chapter 04 - Of Tests and Testing

Chapter 04 Of Tests and Testing

Multiple Choice Questions 1. According to a study cited in the text, random error affecting a score on a personality test is best illustrated with reference to the A. weather on the day that the personality test was administered. B. testtaker's general self-concept on the day that the personality test was administered. C. amount of the specific personality trait that actually exists. D. All of these

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2. A psychological trait A. has a real existence. B. is a construct. C. has no relation to observed behavior. D. All of these

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3. Assuming the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS) is a valid measure, how would you expect someone who goes parachuting once a month to score on the SSS? A. average B. above average C. below average D. impossible to say

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Chapter 04 - Of Tests and Testing

4. An assumption in psychological testing and assessment is that psychological traits can be measured. For this to be true, A. the reference group used must be people who exhibit and do not exhibit the trait. B. the test must take into account changes in the trait that can occur over time. C. test developers must clearly define the trait constructs the test purports to measure. D. All of these

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5. "Test-related behavior predicts non-test-related behavior." This statement A. is an assumption on which the assessment enterprise is based. B. is true only if the test-related behavior mimics the non-test-related behavior. C. is true only if the non-test-related behavior mimics the test-related behavior. D. All of these

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6. According to your text, which of the following assumptions inherent in the assessment enterprise is repeatedly emphasized in the codes of ethics of associations of assessment professionals? A. Psychological traits and states can be quantified. B. Various sources of error are a part of the process. C. Test-related behavior predicts non-test-related behavior. D. Tests and other tools have strengths and weaknesses.

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7. When measuring a particular psychological trait, the term error variance refers to A. the degree to which impression management may influence the obtained score. B. the variations in score possible if another instrument was employed. C. the component of a test score attributable to sources other than the trait. D. All of these

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Chapter 04 - Of Tests and Testing

8. When using trait terms, it is important to keep in mind that A. there are many synonyms for the trait term that could be used instead. B. trait terms are relative in that unstated comparisons are always being made. C. the trait being exhibited is subject to sudden change as in multiple personality. D. traits, much like most human abilities, are all "in the eye of the beholder."

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9. It is incorrect to conceive of error "creeping into" the measurement process because A. this implies that it appears slowly when in reality it is instantaneous. B. to do so is to imply that error is negative when in reality it is positive. C. error is a well acknowledged part of the measurement process. D. All of these

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10. Although the question "Is this test fair?" is frequently raised, the underlying and more pertinent moral question is, A. "What do we, as a society, wish to accomplish by the use of this test?" B. "What offensive cultural stereotypes are inherent in the use of this test?" C. "Can school districts in impoverished areas afford to use this test?" D. "Does this test discriminate any one or any group in a demonstrable way?"

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11. Students may fantasize about a world without tests. But in reality, a world without tests would be more of a nightmare than a dream. This is so because A. nepotism in hiring and promotions would be rampant. B. professionals would not be properly credentialed. C. educational difficulties would be more difficult to diagnose. D. All of these

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Chapter 04 - Of Tests and Testing

12. The term psychometric soundness is typically a reference to a test's reliability and A. utility. B. validity. C. norms. D. cost-effectiveness.

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13. A prospective test user may ask many questions about a test's validity. Which of the following is NOT a validity-related question? A. Do the test items adequately sample the range of areas that should be sampled? B. What do high scores on this test really tell us about the targeted construct? C. What do low scores on this test really tell us about the targeted construct? D. As a tool of measurement, is this test consistent?

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14. "What's a good test?" In part, a good test is one that A. trained examiners can administer with a minimum of difficulty. B. is useful in the sense that it yields actionable results. C. will ultimately benefit individual testtakers or society as a whole. D. All of these

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15. Norm-referenced testing and assessment is both a method of evaluation and a way of deriving meaning from tests scores. Individual testtaker scores are evaluated against A. the scores achieved by a matched group of testtakers on a comparable test. B. the scores of a comparison group of testtakers. C. scores from a demographically more diverse group of testtakers. D. the scores achieved by a guy named norm.

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Chapter 04 - Of Tests and Testing

16. It's a group of people whose performance on a particular test is analyzed for reference in evaluating the performance of future testtakers. This group is called A. a normative sample. B. a test validation group. C. a stratified random sample. D. a "back to the future" group.

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17. Norms come in many different forms. Which of the following is NOT correctly referred to by the term "norms"? A. trait norms B. age norms C. grade norms D. percentile norms

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18. You are a consultant to a test developer who is in the process of norming a new test of intelligence. Which type of norms would be LEAST advisable to develop? A. national norms B. subgroup norms C. mental age norms D. norms from a fixed reference group

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19. In order to conduct research using human subjects, a university requires researchers to complete an online ethics course, and then correctly respond to all of the items of the test on that material. This test process could BEST be characterized as A. norm-referenced testing. B. criterion-referenced testing. C. culturally informed assessment. D. authentic assessment.

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Chapter 04 - Of Tests and Testing

20. In selecting a test for use, the responsible test user does some advance research on A. how appropriate the available norms are for use with the contemplated testtakers. B. how appropriate the reading level of the test is for use. C. cultural factors as they may relate to the administration and scoring of the test. D. All of these

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21. Measurement can be defined as A. the assignment of numbers or symbols to characteristics of objects/people. B. the administering and scoring of psychological tests to members of a defined population. C. the process of determining the reliability and validity of tests. D. the observation of behavior in a controlled environment.

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22. A psychological trait can BEST be described as A. an observable behavior. B. a biological phenomenon. C. a construct. D. what a test measures.

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23. According to your textbook, psychological traits A. can be seen and touched. B. can only be inferred. C. do not exist. D. exist only in theory.

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Chapter 04 - Of Tests and Testing

24. Psychological traits are present and exhibited to others A. 100% of the time. B. 75% of the time. C. 50% of the time. D. None of these

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25. The manifestation of behavior associated with a particular psychological trait is to some extent dependent on A. the situation the person is in. B. the financial pressures being exerted. C. an individual's blood pressure at the time. D. one's astrological sign.

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26. A trait is typically viewed as "relative." This means that inherent in its definition, a comparison is being made to: A. other people. B. people who are totally lacking in the trait. C. blood relatives. D. All of these

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27. Which of the following is the BEST example of a psychological trait? A. eye color B. hair color C. skin color D. None of these

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28. Which of the following is the BEST example of a psychological trait? A. eye color B. aggressiveness C. skin color D. None of these

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29. How do states different from traits? A. A trait is biologically determined, whereas a state in environmentally determined. B. A trait is measurable, whereas a state is not. C. A trait is relatively enduring, whereas a state is relatively short-lived. D. A trait is unchangeable, whereas a state is easily influenced.

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30. Consider the assumption that "the more correct answers an examinee scores on an intelligence test, the more intelligent is the examinee." Which of the following methods of scoring is BEST associated with that assumption? A. a Galtonian model of scoring B. the cumulative model of scoring C. an objective method of scoring D. the subjective method of scoring

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31. A basic assumption of all scaling is that A. traits and states can be quantified and measured. B. traits and states can best be understood by those who experience them. C. traits and states are only measurable in human beings. D. measures developed in one culture have no meaning in other cultures.

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Chapter 04 - Of Tests and Testing

32. Assigning numbers in accordance with empirical properties of objects or traits is referred to as A. measuring. B. quantifying. C. scaling. D. sampling.

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33. Referring to a psychological trait as a construct means that it A. is an idea whose time has come, gone, and come back again. B. has few practical "real-world" applications and is used for academic purposes. C. was developed by naturalistic observation rather than any theory. D. is a scientific concept developed to describe or explain behavior.

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34. From your reading of Chapter 4 in your textbook, which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Overt behavior is observable. B. Constructs are ideas rather than observable actions. C. Constructs are only used when behavior is not observable. D. The existence of a construct can be inferred from overt behavior.

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35. The manifestation of a trait is NOT dependent on A. the strength of the trait. B. the situation. C. lunar cycles. D. genetics.

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Chapter 04 - Of Tests and Testing

36. In which specialty of psychology would psychological tests be MOST likely be used to postdict rather than predict behavior? A. consumer psychology B. sport psychology C. engineering psychology D. forensic psychology

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37. Typically, which of the following is the primary objective of psychological testing and assessment? A. to measure a trait B. to predict future behavior C. to obtain a score on a test D. to observe a sample of behavior

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38. From the perspective of test users, a typical objective of testtakers' testtaking behavior, such as blackening small grids on an answer sheet with a #2 pencil, is to A. predict how fully circles will be blackened on another test. B. postdict such behavior on previous tests. C. predict behavior apart from blackening grids. D. predict how the test-taker will use seasonings to blacken fish.

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39. Assessment professionals who use tests without understanding the limitations of the tests they use are A. violating state and federal laws which mandate such understanding. B. violating provisions of their profession's ethical codes. C. well meaning but bumbling in their every day work. D. psychiatrists rather than psychologists.

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Chapter 04 - Of Tests and Testing

40. Which of the following is TRUE about error in psychological measurement? A. As with other fields, error is synonymous with "mistake." B. Error only refers to deliberate misrepresentation of results rather than carelessness. C. Error is an expected component of measurement. D. Error can be eliminated only by care and vigilance.

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41. Any influence on psychological test scores from factors other than what the test is intended to measure is referred to by measurement specialists as A. spurious artifact. B. error. C. bias. D. construct-irrelevant stimuli.

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42. An assumption inherent in classical test theory (CTT) is that A. each test-taker has a true score that would have been obtained if not for measurement error. B. testtakers can be ranked according to the level of the trait or ability that they exhibit in much the same way that rankings can be made by height. C. measurement can be perfectly accurate if the measuring tool is well-constructed. D. All of these

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43. According to Chapter 4 of your text, which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Some issues of test fairness are more political than psychometric in nature. B. Using certain psychological tests with people of some cultural backgrounds can be controversial. C. The same test can be fair for use with one population of testtakers, and not fair for use with another population of testtakers. D. Most major test developers have been relatively insensitive to issues of test fairness.

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Chapter 04 - Of Tests and Testing

44. Test reliability refers to A. how accurately a test measures what it purports to measure. B. how consistently a test measures what it purports to measure. C. the "depth" of measurement of a particular construct. D. the "bandwidth" of measurement of a particular construct.

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45. One scale at the deli counter of a local supermarket consistently measures everything that is placed on it exactly one ounce more than its actual weight. An assessment professional would describe this scale as A. valid. B. reliable. C. unreliable. D. not properly normed.

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46. Test validity refers to how A. "true" the score is in terms of true score theory. B. rigorous the process of norming the test was. C. "deep" the depth of trait measurement is. D. well a test measures what it purports to measure.

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47. When "putting a test to the test" and debating whether or not a particular instrument should be used for a particular objective, relevant questions to be asked include A. What is the objective in using this test? B. Who is this test designed for use with? C. How is what the test measures defined? D. All of these

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Chapter 04 - Of Tests and Testing

48. When "putting a test to the test" and attempting to evaluate the suitability of a particular tool of measurement for a particular purpose, a test user would be well advised to consult A. published sources such as test manuals and test reviews. B. unpublished sources such as colleagues who have experience with it. C. the test publisher through an e-mail or phone call. D. All of these.

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49. When "putting a test to the test" and researching published guidelines from professional associations regarding the use of a particular test for a particular objective, a test user is MOST likely to find that the guidelines recommend A. "bending the rules" of test administration as specified in the test manual. B. interpreting the test using the norms developed for a different test. C. the use of additional measurement tools along with the test. D. testing all assessors on their proficiency with the instrument.

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50. When "putting a test to the test" and researching the reliability of a particular instrument such as the Bricklin Perceptual Scales, test users will A. consult the test's manual and test reviews. B. discover controversy as to how suitable a measure of reliability is. C. l...